小直径种植体临床应用疗效评价

目的评价小直径(直径2.5～3.0 mm)种植体的临床应用疗效和特点。方法对2007年1月至2010年1月在山东大学口腔医院口腔颌面外科接受小直径种植体治疗的42例患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。42例患者共植入小直径种植体51颗,其中36例患者(44颗种植体)行延期修复,6例(7颗种植体)行即刻修复。定期行临床检查、X线片检查,评价分析小直径种植体3年累计存留率、边缘骨吸收情况、软组织及美学效果、修复体并发症等。结果 1颗种植体(Osstem)植入后2个月因牙周病导致种植体周围炎而脱落,1颗种植体(Compress)植入后3年固位螺丝折断,种植体3年累计存留率为96.1%;种植体边缘平均骨吸收高度第1年为1.2 mm,以后平均每年0.2 mm;修复后1颗烤瓷修复冠松动。结论在本研究观察时间范围内认为小直径种植体适用于临床缺牙间隙三维空间不足的病例,其长期的的临床疗效有待进一步观察。

A preliminary clinical study on small-diameter implants

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and the features of small-diameter implants （02.5 - 3.0mm）. Methods Retrospectively analysis of clinical data of forty-two patients who had received a total of 51 small-diameter implants over a 4-year period was conducted. Totally 44 implants in 36 cases were restored with fixed restorations such as single crowns or partial connected crowns after a standard healing period （3 to 6 months）, and 7 implants in 6 cases were immediately restored after surgery. All patients were followed a strict maintenance program, with regular recalls at least once a year. The survival rate, marginal bone loss, effects of aesthetics and prosthetic complications of the implants were assessed. Results The cumulative 3-year survival rate of small-diameter implants was 96.1~/o. One implant was lost during the healing phase on account of peri-implantitis. The mean of marginal bone loss was 1.2mm at the first year and about 0.2mm each year after the first year. Prosthetic complications were limited to break retentive screw （1 case） and loose ceramic crown （1 case）. Conclusion Within the limited observation in this study, it indicates that small-diameter implants are predictable and convenient when used in limited dimensions alveolar ridges. However, the long-term clinical evaluation of small-diameter implants is necessary.