声带沟的诊断及治疗

目的探讨声带沟的分型及治疗方法。方法29例声带沟患者按有无声嘶及沟的形态分为3型：Ⅰ型：生理型，11例(无声嘶)；Ⅱ型：裂线型，13例；Ⅲ型：局凹型，5例；后两种为病理型声带沟，有声嘶。对有声嘶18例进行了手术及术后嗓音训练治疗，手术方法有：①黏膜下分离自体脂肪注射术(Ⅱ型9例，Ⅲ型2例，其中1例为术式②疗效不佳再手术者)；②黏膜切开挖槽自体脂肪注射术(Ⅱ型4例、Ⅲ型1例)；③声带沟切除术(Ⅲ型4例，包括1例术式①疗效不佳再手术者)。所有患者均随访6个月以上，平均为15．3个月。结果喉镜及嗓音分析发现，13例Ⅱ型患者中10例(其中6例为黏膜下分离自体脂肪注射术，占该术式6／9；4例为黏膜切开挖槽自体脂肪注射术，占该术式4／4)，术后3个月声带沟消失，发音良好，声带振动恢复；另3例单行黏膜下分离自体脂肪注射术者，术后声带沟变浅，仍稍声嘶。5例Ⅲ型患者中3例行声带沟切除术后4～5个月声带沟消失，发音时声门闭合好，声带振动恢复；另2例先单行黏膜下分离自体脂肪注射术或黏膜切开挖槽自体脂肪术者，术后10d～3个月声带沟再现，再次手术后好转。结论对声带沟患者应分型后采用不同治疗方法，黏膜切开挖槽自体脂肪注射术对Ⅱ型治疗效果最好，声带沟切除术对Ⅲ型治疗最合适。

Diagnosis and management of sulcus vocalis]

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the pathophysiology of sulcus vocalis and to develop a more rational approach to treatment. METHODS: Twenty-nine cases of sulcus vocalis patients were divided into three classification: Type I is a physiologic variant and no dysphonia (11 cases). Types II (sulcus vergeture, 13 cases) and III (sulcus vocalis, 5 cases) are characterized by severe dysphonia and loss of vibratory activity. Eighteen cases of dysphonia were treated by surgery and phonation training. The operations included fat injection into vocal cords (9 cases of types II and 1 cases of types III, including 1 case of types III of second operation), fat implantation into sulcus vergeture after incision (4 cases of types II and 1 cases of types III) and undermining of the mucosa and sulcus vocalis resection (4 cases of types III, including 1 case of second operation). Phonatory function and videolaryngostroboscopic data were evaluated before and after surgery and phonation training treatment in 18 patients. The mean follow-up time was 15.3 months. RESULTS: Ten cases of types II had excellent results after fat injection into vocal cords (n = 6) and fat implantation into sulcus vergeture after incision (n = 4). Three cases of types II improved after fat injection into vocal cords. Three cases of type III had excellent results after sulcus vocalis resection. One case of type III had excellent results by Second operation (sulcus vocalis resection) after fat injection into vocal cord. One case of type III improved by Second operation (fat injection into vocal cords) after fat implantation into sulcus vergeture after incision. No postoperative complications were noted. CONCLUSION: Accurate classification of sulcus vocalis is important and then adapt treatment to different types. Fat implantation into sulcus vergeture to type II and sulcus vocalis resection to type III were the best choice methods.