超声观察不同偏头位对右颈内静脉和颈总动脉解剖关系的影响

目的观察右颈内静脉(right internal jugular vein,RIJV)与颈总动脉(common carotid artery,CAA)解剖关系以及不同偏头位对其的影响。方法选择择期全麻手术患者131例,男55例,女76例,年龄18~74岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。分别在0、15、30、45°偏头位,于甲状软骨喉结平面(喉结平面)和胸锁乳突肌三角顶点平面(三角平面)进行超声扫描并测量RIJV安全穿刺横径、RIJV与CAA横径重叠率、RIJV与CAA连线与水平轴夹角(α角),并根据α角将RIJV与CAA位置关系分为前外侧位、外侧位、后外侧位、偏后外侧位。结果安全穿刺横径在0°~30°偏头范围内,随着偏头角度的增加而递增(P0.05),在任一偏头位,三角平面安全穿刺横径均明显高于喉结平面(P0.05);横径重叠率在喉结平面0°~30°偏头范围内,随偏头角度增加而递减(P0.05),而在三角平面各偏头位之间差异均无统计学意义;在0°、15°偏头位,三角平面横径重叠率低于喉结平面(P0.05);RIJV位置分布以外侧位和后外侧位为主,并且随着偏头角度的增加,外侧位呈现升高趋势,同时后外侧位比例表现为降低(P0.05)。结论 30°~45°偏头位时RIJV安全穿刺范围较大、重叠程度较小;RIJV与CAA位置关系以外侧位和后外侧位为主,随偏头角度的增加外侧位比例增加而后外侧比例降低;三角平面穿刺条件优于喉结平面。

Effects of head rotation on the anatomic relationship of the internal jugular vein and the common carotid artery-an ultrasonographic study

Objective To observe the relationship of right internal jugular vein (RIJV)and common carotid artery (CAA)by scanning strictly from the anterior to posterior using ultrasound at different head rotation.Methods Using ultrasonic scanning,the anatomic features of RIJV and CAA both at thyroid cartilage level (prominentia laryngea level)and at the apex of the angle formed by the division of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (triangle level)with 0°,1 5°,30° and 45° right rotation were observed in 131 patients with ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ (male 55 cases,female 76 cases, aged 18~74 years).Based on the ultrasound images,the safe puncture range,the overlapping ratio, the angle between the horizontal axis and the line from the midpoint of RIJV to that of CAA (αangle) were measured.In addition,the relationship between the RIJV and CAA was defined as anterior-lat-eral, lateral, posterior-lateral or extremely-posterior-lateral position according to α angle. Results The safe puncture range of RIJV augmented as head rotated from 0° to 30° position(P <0.05);The safe puncture range of RIJV at triangle level was significantly higher than at prominentia laryngea level at all the four head positions(P <0.05).The overlapping degree decreased as head rota-ted from 0°to 30°head position at prominentia laryngea level(P <0.05).No siginificant differences of the overlapping degree were found between head positons at triangle level;The overlapping degree at triangle level was less than at prominentia laryngea level when at 0°and 1 5°head positon(P <0.05). At both prominentia laryngea and triangle levels,RIJV located mainly at lateral and posterior-lateral positions.In addition,the part of lateral position increased while the part of posterior-lateral position decreased as the head rotated from 0°to 45°position(P <0.05).Conclusion The puncture conditions for RIJV catheterization were more optimal at 30°to 45°head rotation for a safer puncture range and less overlapping between RIJV and CAA.RIJV located mainly at lateral and posterior-lateral positions at different rotations and RIJV gradually shifted to lateral position while head rotation increasing.It would be much better to select triangle level for central venous catheterization than prominentia laryn-gea level.