超声引导下腰骶丛神经阻滞联合全麻在高龄患者髋关节置换术的临床应用

目的观察超声引导下腰骶丛神经阻滞联合全麻在老年髋关节置换术的临床应用效果。方法择期行单侧髋关节置换术的老年患者80例,男35例,女45例,年龄65~85岁,随机均分为全麻组(G组)和腰骶丛神经阻滞联合全麻组(N组)。G组行全凭静脉麻醉,N组在超声引导下实施腰丛、骶丛神经阻滞后行无肌松静脉麻醉,两组均采用喉罩通气。术中两组均维持BIS 45~55,记录术中舒芬太尼用量、术后拔管时间、下床活动时间和出院时间;记录术后2、4、8、24h疼痛VAS评分及术后24h静脉自控镇痛(PCA)药物用量,并记录术后30d死亡率,对术后认知功能障碍(POCD)和术后谵妄(POD)情况和术后心血管和肺部并发症进行评估。结果术后30d两组患者均无死亡。N组患者术中舒芬太尼的使用量、PCA药物用量明显少于,术后拔管时间、下床活动时间和出院时间均明显短于G组(P0.05);术后2、4、8和24h时N组VAS评分明显低于G组(P0.05);G组1例患者术后出现严重肺部感染,术后N组POCD、POD发生率明显低于G组(P0.05)。结论与全麻比较,超声引导下腰骶丛神经阻滞联合全麻应用于老年髋关节置换术,减少了术中阿片类药物的用量,术后早期镇痛效果更好,明显缩短了下床活动时间和出院时间,且降低了老年患者POCD和POD的发生率。

The clinical observation of ultra-sound guided lumbar plexus and sciatic plexus nerve block combined with general anesthesia on elderly patients undergoing hip replacement surgery

Objective To observe the clinical effects of ultra-sound guided lumbar plexus and sciatic plexus nerve block combined with general anesthesia on elderly patients undergoing hip replace-ment surgery.Methods Eighty elderly patients scheduled for unilateral hip replacement surgery were randomly divided to lumbar plexus and sciatic plexus nerve block combined with general anesthesia group (group N)and general anesthesia group (group G).The airways of all the patients were con-trolled by laryngeal mask airway (LMA)in both groups.The bispectral index (BIS)of patients in both groups was maintained in the range of 45-55.The dosage of sulfentanyl,visual analogue scale (VAS)at 2,4,8 and 24 h after surgery,and the dosage of patient controlled analgesia (PCA)drugs were recorded.The period from end of surgery to extubation,off-bed activity and discharged from hospital,mortality in 30 days after surgery were recorded.Meanwhile,postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD),and severe cardiovascular and pulmonary complica-tions were evaluated.Results No patient died in 30 days after surgery in both two groups.One patient suffered from severe pulmonary infection in group G.The dosage of sulfentanyl of group N was less than the value of group G (P <0.05),the periods from end of surgery to extubation,off-bed activity and discharged from hospital of group N were shorter than those in group G (P <0.05 ).The VAS scores and incidence of POD and POCD in group N were lower than those in group G (P < 0.01 ). Conclusion In elderly patients undergoing hip replacement surgery,ultrasound-guided lumbar plexus and sciatic plexus nerve block combined with general anesthesia could help reduce usage of opioids during operation,offer better analgesia effect,shorten the period of off-bed activity and discharged from hospital and reduce incidence of POD and POCD in elderly patients.