Long-term outcomes after laparoscopic bile duct exploration: a 5-year follow up of 150 consecutive patients

Background: The treatment of common bile duct stones discovered at routine intraoperative cholangiography includes postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiography or intraoperative laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. Given the equivalence of short‐term outcome data for these two techniques, the choice of one over the other may be influenced by long‐term follow‐up data. We aimed to establish the long‐term outcomes following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and compare this with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Methods: One hundred and fifty consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic common bile duct exploration between March 1998 and March 2006 carried out by a single surgeon. All were prospectively studied for 1 month followed by a late‐term phone questionnaire ascertaining the prevalence of adverse symptoms. Patients presented with a standardized series of questions, with reports of symptoms corroborated by review of medical records. Results: In 150 patients, operations included laparoscopic transcystic exploration (135), choledochotomy (10) and choledochoduodenostomy (2). At long‐term follow up (mean 63 months), 116 (77.3%) patients were traceable, with 24 (20.7%) reporting an episode of pain and 18 (15.5%) had more than a single episode of pain. There was no long‐term evidence of cholangitis, stricture or pancreatitis identified in any patient. Conclusion: Laparoscopic bile duct exploration appears not to increase the incidence of long‐term adverse sequelae beyond the reported prevalence of postcholecystectomy symptoms. There was no incidence of bile duct stricture, cholangitis or pancreatitis. It is a safe procedure, which obviates the need and expense of preoperative or postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in most instances.