县城乡镇初中生幸福感及其影响因素研究

目的了解县城乡镇初中生幸福感水平及其影响因素。方法采用Rosenberg自尊问卷、一般自我效能感量表和中学生应对方式问卷等对706名初中生进行调查。结果觉得"很幸福"或"幸福"的学生占70.4%;女生的幸福感水平显著高于男生(χ2=9.714,P<0.01);家庭经济状况较好的学生,幸福感水平较高(χ2=58.184,P<0.001);幸福感水平年级间无显著差异(χ2=0.471,P>0.05);自尊、自我效能感、问题解决、寻求社会支持、积极的合理化解释得分幸福组显著高于非幸福组(t1=9.257,t2=3.988,t3=4.245,t4=4.150,t5=5.184,Ps<0.001)。忍耐、"幻想、否认"、逃避得分幸福组显著低于非幸福组(t1=-3.090,t2=-3.073,Ps<0.01;t3=-3.830,P<0.001)。家庭经济状况、自尊、寻求社会支持、逃避应对方式能显著预测县城乡镇初中生的幸福感(χ2=136.165,P<0.001)。结论县城乡镇初中生总体上是幸福的,性别、家庭经济状况、自尊、自我效能感和应对方式等因素会影响其幸福感水平,并且家庭经济状况、自尊、寻求社会支持及逃避应对方式能有效预测其幸福感水平。

Well-being and Its Influencing Factors of Junior High School Students from County Town and Rural Areas

Objective To investigate well-being and its influencing factors of junior high school students from county town and rural areas.Methods A total of 706 students were investigated by Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale(SES),General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES) and Coping Style Scale for Secondary School Students(CSS).Results 70.4% students were in well-being.The percent of girls in well-being was higher than boys’(χ2=9.714,P<0.01).As the better of family economic status,the level of well-being was higher(χ2=58.184,P<0.001).There was no significant difference during grades(χ2=0.471,P>0.05).The scores of the well-being group were significantly higher in SES,GSES,seeking social support,positive rationalized-explanation(t1=9.257,t2=3.988,t3=4.245,t4=4.150,t5=5.184,Ps<0.001).The scores of endurance,fantasy and denial,escape were lower in the well-being group(t1=-3.090,t2=-3.073,Ps<0.01;t3=-3.830,P<0.001).Logistic regression analysis showed that some factors,such as family economic status,and self-esteem,seeking social support,escape coping styles,could predict the level of well-being of students(χ2=136.165,P<0.001).Conclusion The junior high school students from county town and rural areas are in well-being on the whole,and the well-being level is influenced by factors including gender,family economic status,self-esteem,self-efficacy and coping styles.Furthermore,family economic status,self-esteem,seeking social support and escape coping styles may predict the well-being level of students.