跳伞新兵恐高反应倾向与症状、自我和谐及状态焦虑的相关研究

目的探讨空降新兵恐高反应倾向与症状、自我和谐及状态焦虑之间的相关情况,为跳伞训练提供指导。方法经集体访谈、现场暴露等方法,于跳伞训练前,从空降兵某部1000余名新兵中筛选出89名具有恐高反应倾向的新兵做为施测对象(其中恐高反应明显的新兵43名,恐高反应不明显的新兵46名);然后在训练中期,以症状自评量表(SCL-90)、自我和谐量表(SCCS)、状态焦虑量表(SAS)和依据Cohen的Acrophobia Questionnaire改编的恐高反应量表为测量工具,对89名新兵进行问卷调查。结果除强迫症状、敌对、精神病性之外,两组新兵在躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执等因子上均存在显著差异(P<0.05);除自我的刻板性之外,两组新兵在自我与经验的不和谐(t=7.45,P<0.001)、自我的灵活性(t=4.64,P<0.001)、自我和谐总分(t=2.49,P<0.01)以及状态焦虑(t=3.46,P<0.01)上差异显著;恐高反应倾向与SCL-90诸多因子相关,与自我和谐、状态焦虑同样显著相关。结论恐高反应对跳伞训练有很大影响,恐高反应明显的新兵需要心理干预,是否应该淘汰恐高反应个体进入空降部队有待于进一步研究。

Study on the Relationship between Height Fear and Symptoms,Self-Consistency and Congruence,State Anxiety of New Parachutists

Objective To explore the relationship between height fear and symptoms,self-consistency and congruence,state anxiety of new parachutists;and give suggestions to the parachuting training.Methods After interviews and exposure in heights before the parachuting training,89(43=high fear group,46=low fear group) new parachutists were chosen to complete the Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),Self-Consistency and Congruence Scale(SCCS),State Anxiety Scale(SAS) from State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI),and a questionnaire based on the Anxiety Subscale from the Acrophobia Questionnaire(AQ-Anxiety;Cohen) during the training.Results Compared with the low fear group,scores on all the SCL-90 factors except obsessive-compulsive,hostility and psychoticism,were significantly high in the high fear group(P<0.05);There were significant differences in the total score(t=2.49,P<0.01),self-inconsistency(t=7.45,P<0.001),self-flexibilitys(t=4.64,P<0.001) and state anxiety(t=3.46,P<0.01)between two groups;score on height fear was positively correlated with the scores on many sub-factors of the SCL-90;and it was also positively correlated with the scores on self-inconsistency,self-flexibility and state anxiety.Conclusion Fear of heights has certain impacts on the parachuting training,more attention should be paid to psychological problem in the more height-fearful new parachutists.It needs a further research to make sure whether the more height-fearful individuals should be eliminated from the parachutists’ troop.