上气道阻塞机制的研究进展

上气道是呼吸气体出入肺的通道，睡眠呼吸障碍性疾患（sleep disordered breathing，SDB）与睡眠时上气道的狭窄和塌陷关系密切。对于上气道阻塞机制的认识有助于诊治睡眠呼吸障碍性疾患，本篇综述回顾了上气道阻塞机制的研究及其最新的进展，从①上气道形态异常；②上气道开放肌功能异常；③呼吸驱动和调控障碍；④觉醒阈异常这四个方面进行阐述，探讨并展望了睡眠呼吸障碍性疾患的治疗前景。

Advances in mechanisms of upper airway obstruction

Upper air way is the primary conduit for passage of air into the lungs, whose collapse is closely related to sleep disordered breathing (SDB). This essay is to figure out the mechanism of upper airway regulation to help the diagnosis and treatment of SDB. This essay reviews the advances in upper airway regulation in four aspects: (1) upper airway anatomy, (2) the ability of upper airway dilator muscles to respond to rising intrapharyngeal negative pressure and increasing CO2 during sleep, (3) loop gain (ventilatory control instability), and (4) arousal threshold in response to respiratory stimulation. The treatment prospects of SDB are also discussed.