Nutritional habits of subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Mediterranean Basin: comparison with the non-diabetic population and the dietary recommendations. Multi-Centre Study of the Mediterranean Group for the Study of Diabetes (MGSD) |
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| Authors: | A. Thanopoulou B. Karamanos MD F. Angelico S. Assaad-Khalil A. Barbato M. Del Ben P. Djordjevic V. Dimitrijevic-Sreckovic C. Gallotti N. Katsilambros I. Migdalis M. Mrabet M. Petkova D. Roussi M. T. Tenconi |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Diabetes Centre, 2nd Medical Department, Athens University Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Vas. Sofias 114, Athens, 115 27, Greece;(2) Department of Medical Therapy, University !["ldquo"]("/content/xtd055epvl3m04vt/xlarge8220.gif") La Sapienza!["rdquo"]("/content/xtd055epvl3m04vt/xlarge8221.gif") , Rome, Italy;(3) Department of Internal Medicine, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt;(4) Diabetes Centre, Institute for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro;(5) Diabetes Centre, 1st Department of Medicine, Athens University School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece;(6) Diabetes Centre, NIMTS Hospital, Athens, Greece;(7) Service of Internal Medicine A, C.H.U., Oran, Algeria;(8) Diabetes Centre St. Luca, Sofia, Bulgaria;(9) Department of Preventive, Occupational and Community Medicine. Section of Hygiene, University of Studies of Pavia, Pavia, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional habits of Type 2 diabetic patients among Mediterranean countries and also with those of their background population and with the nutritional recommendations of the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group.Methods We did a cross-sectional study of 1833 non-diabetic subjects and 1895 patients with Type 2 diabetes, in nine centres in six Mediterranean countries. A dietary questionnaire validated against the 3-Day Diet Diary was used.Results In diabetic patients the contribution of proteins, carbohydrates and fat to the energy intake varied greatly among centres, ranging from 17.6% to 21.0% for protein, from 37.7% to 53.0% for carbohydrates and from 27.2% to 40.8% for fat, following in every centre the trends of the non-diabetic population. Furthermore, diabetic patients compared to the corresponding background population had: (i) lower energy intake, (ii) lower carbohydrate and higher protein contribution to the energy intake, (iii) higher prevalence of obesity, ranging from 9 to 50%. The adherence to the nutritional recommendations for proteins, carbohydrate and fat was very low ranging from 1.4 to 23.6%, and still decreased when fibre was also considered.Conclusion/interpretation In diabetic patients of the Mediterranean area: (i) dietary habits vary greatly among countries, according to the same trends of the background population; (ii) the prevalence of obesity is much lower than the 80% reported for patients with diabetes in Western countries; (iii) Carbohydrate intake is decreased with a complementary increase of protein and fat consumption, resulting to a poor compliance with the nutritional recommendations.Abbreviations MGSD Mediterranean Group for the Study of Diabetes - DNSG Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group - EASD European Association for the Study of Diabetes - 3-DDD 3-Day Diet Diary - BMR basal metabolic rate - WHO World Health Organization |
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| Keywords: | Dietary habits diabetes Mediterranean Basin recommendations |
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