腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗肾肿瘤

目的 探讨腹腔镜下保留肾单位肾肿瘤手术的手术技巧及肾脏保护方法.方法 采用70°斜侧卧位经腹腔途径对36例肾肿瘤患者行肾部分切除术.36例肾肿瘤患者均经B超、CTU、IVU或MRU等相关影像学检查初步确诊.肿瘤位于肾上极17例,肾中部6例,肾下极13例.肿瘤直径平均2.6(0.8～4.0)cm.采用动脉夹阻断肾动脉,剪刀剪除肿瘤,缝合肾脏时用Hem-o-lok夹住缝线,替代打结,应用乌司他丁预防和减轻缺血再灌注损伤.观察手术时间、术中出血量、肾脏热缺血时间、围手术期并发症及手术效果.术后常规随访,定期检查肾功、B超以及胸部X线片.结果 36例手术顺利完成,无中转开放手术.手术时间95～186 min,平均128 min;术中出血量40～600 ml,平均130 ml.肾动脉阻断时间16～28 min,平均21 min.术后无出血、漏尿等并发症.肾功能正常.术后病理均为肾透明细胞癌,病理分期pT1a 31例,pT1b 5例,切缘均为阴性.随访6～30个月,平均16个月,患者肾功能均正常,肿瘤无局部复发,无其他脏器转移.结论 腹腔镜下保留肾单位术能有效切除肿瘤和保留肾功能,术中利用Hem-o-lok夹住缝线替代打结可明显缩短手术时间.乌司他丁应用可减少缺血再灌注损伤.

Laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery in the treatment of renal tumors

Objective To evaluate the operative techniques and the methods of the renal function protection in laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery for the treatment of renal tumors.Methods Thirty-six renal tumor patients accepted transperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy at the 70 degree lateral decubitus position.There were 17 tumors in the upper pole,13 in the lower pole and 6 in the center of kindey.The mean tumor diameter was 2.6 cm(from 0.8 to 4.0 cm).Peke forceps were used to clamp the renal artery and achieve warm ischemia.Cold scissors was used to resect tumors and Hem-o-lok was used to clamp and control the artery bleeding in surgical bed instead of ligature when suturing the kidney parenchyma.Ulinastatin was used to prevent and relieve the ischemical reperfusion injury.The operative time,estimated blood loss,warm ischemia time,intraoperative and postoperative complications and the operative efficacy were recorded.Results All operations were completed successfully,no case was converted to open surgery.The mean operative time was 128 min(95 to 186 min),mean estimated blood loss was 130 ml (40 to 600 ml),mean warm ischemia time was 21 min(16to 28 min).There was no hemorrhage and urinary leakage after surgery.The post-operative renal function was normal in all the cases.The histopathological examination showed that 36 cases were renal cell carcinoma including 31 pT1a,cases and 5 pT1b cases.There was no positive surgical margin.The mean follow-up time was 16 months (from 6 to 30 months).There was no recurrence and metastasis found and renal function was normal in all cases during the follow-up.Conclusions Laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery for renal tumors is a safe and feasible treatment option.This procedure can resect tumor safely and preserve renal function efficiently.The use of Hem-o-lok instead of ligature can significantly reduce the operative time.Ulinastatin can help reducing the ischemical reperfusion injury and thus preserve renal function.