4～12个月儿童气质与家庭环境因素关系的调查分析

目的了解4．12月儿童气质的影响因素，为儿童气质的早期干预提供依据。方法使用美国Carey等编制并经标准化的中国4～12个月儿童气质调查问卷家庭环境调查表，对4～12个月儿童气质相关因素进行调查。结果婴儿气质类型分布为：易养型气质（E）型20．60％、难养型气质（D）型9．90％、启动缓慢型气质（S）型13．90％、中间型气质（I）型55．60％：母亲孕龄≥35岁与〈35岁组、有先兆流产与无先兆流产组、婴儿有高热病史组与无高热病史组、父母文化程度大专和大学及以上与中学和中专及以下组、父母经常与孩子一起玩耍与不经常与孩子一起玩耍组之间婴儿之间气质维度得分有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论多种家庭环境因素影响儿童气质维度。我们可通过对这些因素的干预，提供良好的家庭环境，增进亲子关系，以促使儿童身心健康发展。

The relation ship between temperament and their family environment of children 4-12 months old

Objective To provide some possible early intervention on children’s temperament,the effects of some factors related to family environment on children 4 to 12 months old temperament were investigated.Methods A questionnaire of family environment and a Carey’s children 4 to 12 months old temperament scale which was normalized to fit for China’s children were employed.Results Among all the infants,there were 20.60% belong to E type,9.90%,D type,13.90%,S type and 55.60% I type.There were significant difference on the scores between mother gestational age more than equal to 35 years old and less than,between having threatening miscarriage and no,between having a high fever and no,between parents cultural degree college above and below,between parents often play with children and occasional.Conclusion Many factors that related to family environment have effects on the dimension degree of children’s temperament.Children’s physical and mental health might be able to be improved by improving the family environment,family harmony and etc.