Evaluation of different digestion systems for determination of trace mercury in seaweeds by cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry |
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| Institution: | 1. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Av. Complutense, 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain;2. CAI de Técnicas Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ José Antonio Novais, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;3. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CSIC), Avda. Gregorio del Amo, 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain;1. Centro NanoMat/Cryssmat Lab/Cátedra de Física – DETEMA – Facultad de Química – Universidad de la República, Uruguay;2. Centro Interdisciplinario de Nanotecnología, Química y Física de Materiales – Universidad de la República, Uruguay;3. Laboratorio de filmes finos e superficies – Departamento de Física – Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil;1. PMMAT Lab, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco;2. GREYC Lab, UMR CNRS 6072, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, France;1. Institute of Analytical Science/Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China;2. Xi’an Northwest Geological Institute for Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd., 25 Xiying Road, Xi’an 710054, China;3. Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China;4. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 6 Xuefu Road, Weiyang District, Xi’an 710021, China;5. College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China;1. BTU Cottbus-Snftenberg, Platz der Deutschen Einheit 1, Cottbus 03046, Germany;2. The Department of Conservation, Rostevor Street 73, 3204 Hamilton, New Zealand;3. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany;1. Área de Ecología, Dpto. de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33071, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain;2. ISYMA Research Group, Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering School, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Four methods for acid digestion of seaweeds were compared in 10 commercially available seaweeds: (i) in stainless steel-Teflon®PTFE-bombs at high pressure and temperature, (ii) in closed-Teflon®PFA-vessels at high pressure and temperature, (iii) in open-polypropylene-tubes with reflux caps in a graphite heating block at high temperature and (iv) in closed-TFM?PTFE-vessels with microwave-assisted controlled pressure and temperature. Hg was determined in all digests by cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CV-AFS). Assessment of digestion methods was performed by comparison with the results obtained for total mercury determination by the Method EPA 7473, based on direct mercury analysis in the solid samples, and with a reference material BCR-279. The open vessel digestion system with reflux in a graphite heating block at high temperature constitutes the best choice since it was found to give the better Hg extraction (83–103%) as well as the lowest variability, being RSD < 10% for most of the studied seaweeds. A previous freeze-drying and intensive grinding was the best pre-treatment. Similar results were obtained with and without the presence of oxidizing agents (KMnO4, K2Cr2O7) and with different tube-materials (borosilicate glass, PTFE and polypropylene). |
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| Keywords: | Mercury Seaweeds Food analysis Digestion procedure Cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry Sample pretreatment Food safety Heavy metal contamination of seafood Food composition |
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