Manganese exposure through drinking water during pregnancy and size at birth: A prospective cohort study |
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Institution: | 1. Distributed and Parallel Systems Group, Institute for Computer Science, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;2. Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia;3. Institute of Information Technology, University of Klagenfurt, Universitätsstr. 65-67, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria |
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Abstract: | The essential element manganese (Mn) might be toxic at excess exposure. We assessed the impact of elevated Mn exposure through drinking water during pregnancy on birth size in a population-based cohort(n = 1695) in rural Bangladesh. Concentrations of water Mn (median = 236 μg/L, range = 7.1–6336; n = 1177) and erythrocyte Mn (median = 30 μg/kg, range = 6.3–114; n = 758) were measured using ICP-MS. In regression analyses, newborns of women in the highest tertile of water Mn (median = 1495 μg/L) were 0.49 cm (0.20 SD) shorter (B = ?0.42; 95% CI: ?0.77, ?0.08) than those in the lowest tertile (56 μg/L). The inverse association was significant in girls and also in boys of mothers with lowest hemoglobin values, likely due to higher absorption of Mn. Manganese concentrations in water and erythrocytes did not correlate, and the associations of the latter with birth size were less obvious. This study suggests that consumption of water with highly elevated Mn levels during pregnancy may impair fetal growth. |
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Keywords: | Manganese toxicity Drinking water Pregnancy Birth weight Birth length |
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