Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus colonization in healthy Venezuelan children |
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Authors: | B Quintero M Araque C van der Gaast-de Jongh F Escalona M Correa S Morillo-Puente S Vielma and P W M Hermans |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Los Andes University, M?rida, Venezuela;(2) Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;(3) Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Los Andes University, M?rida, Venezuela;(4) Los Andes University Hospital, M?rida, Venezuela;(5) Department of Methodology, Faculty of Legal and Political Sciences, Los Andes University, M?rida, Venezuela; |
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Abstract: | Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. We investigated both the colonization and co-colonization characteristics
for these pathogens among 250 healthy children from 2 to 5 years of age in Merida, Venezuela, in 2007. The prevalence of S. pneumoniae colonization, S. aureus colonization, and S. pneumoniae–S. aureus co-colonization was 28%, 56%, and 16%, respectively. Pneumococcal serotypes 6B (14%), 19F (12%), 23F (12%), 15 (9%), 6A (8%),
11 (8%), 23A (6%), and 34 (6%) were the most prevalent. Non-respiratory atopy was a risk factor for S. aureus colonization (p = 0.017). Vaccine serotypes were negatively associated with preceding respiratory infection (p = 0.02) and with S. aureus colonization (p = 0.03). We observed a high prevalence of pneumococcal resistance against trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (40%), erythromycin
(38%), and penicillin (14%). Semi-quantitative measurement of pneumococcal colonization density showed that children with
young siblings and low socioeconomic status were more densely colonized (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02, respectively). In contrast, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole- and multidrug-resistant-pneumococci colonized children
sparsely (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). Our data form an important basis to monitor the future impact of pneumococcal vaccination on bacterial
colonization, as well as to recommend a rationalized and restrictive antimicrobial use in our community. |
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