新疆生产建设兵团2014-2016年儿童药品不良反应分析

摘要]目的:对新疆生产建设兵团2014-2016年儿童药品不良反应(ADR)的发生特点和规律进行分析,为减少儿童ADR发生、促进临床合理用药提供参考。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,对新疆生产建设兵团2014-2016年上报的1 615例ADR进行统计分析。结果:2014-2016年新疆生产建设兵团儿童ADR发生数量呈上升趋势。1 615例ADR病例中,新的ADR占9.16%,严重ADR占3.28%;药师(54.61%) 和医师(40.31%) 是ADR报告的主要来源;男性(934例,57.83%) 与女性(681 例,42.17%)患儿比例比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);1-5岁学龄前儿童组ADR发生率最高(36.66%);引起ADR最多的药物种类是抗菌药物(58.64%),而排名前10位的药物中又以头孢呋辛最多(8.98%);静脉滴注是引发ADR最主要的给药途径,共1 282例(79.38%);ADR最常见的临床表现为皮肤及其附件损害(41.10%),主要表现为皮疹、瘙痒、斑丘疹等过敏样反应;大部分ADR经过相关处理后都能痊愈(56.16%)和好转(35.54%)。结论:儿童ADR多出现于5岁以下,与静脉滴注给药、抗菌药物使用等多种因素密切相关,临床治疗中应严格掌握药物适应证、给药途径、剂量等,并加强对儿童 ADR 监测工作的重视,减 少ADR的发生。

Analysis of Children's Adverse Drug Reactions of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2014 to 2016

Abstract]Objective: To analyze the occurrence characteristics and laws of adverse drug reactions (ADR) in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 2014 to 2016 in order to reduce children,s ADR incidence, to provide a scientific basis for clinical rational drug use. Methods: A total of 1,615 cases of ADR reported by Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2014 to 2016 were retrospective statistically analyzed. Results: The incidence of ADR in children in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 2014 to 2016 was on the rise. In 1,615 cases of ADR, new ADR accounted for 9.16%, and severe ADR accounted for 3.28%. Pharmacists (54.61%) and doctors (40.31%) were the main sources of ADR reports, and males (934 cases, 57.83%) were more than females (681 cases, 42.17%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The 1-5 years old age group had the highest incidence of ADR (36.66%). Most of the ADRs were caused by antibacterial drugs (58.64%), and in the top 10 drugs cefuroxime was the first (8.98%). Intravenous drip was the most important route of administration of ADR, 1,282 cases (79.38%). The most common clinical manifestations of ADR were skin and its appendages lesions (41.10%), mainly manifested as allergic reactions like rash, itching and macular papules. Most of the ADRs after correlation processing were recovered (56.16%), and improved (35.54%). Conclusion: Children''s ADR appeared under the age of five years, with the intravenous drip to medicine, closely related to many factors such as the use of antimicrobial agents. Clinical indications should be strictly grasp the drug, drug delivery ways, dose, and to strengthen the importance of ADR monitoring work for children, reduce the incidence of ADR.