天津市食盐加碘后甲状腺肿大率与碘营养状况的调查

目的：调查和研究食盐加碘后天津市居民的甲状腺肿大率和碘营养状况，方法：在6个区共调查居民31530人，7－14岁在校儿童4415人，对调查对象进行甲状腺肿大率，尿碘浓度，食盐碘含量等项目的调查。结果：（1）食盐加碘后天津市居民的平均甲状腺肿大率为5．5％，8－10岁儿童平均甲状腺肿大率为19．7％，甲状腺肿大率较食盐加碘以前有了明显下降，但下降的速度较缓慢，（2）天津市食盐加碘以后各区居民的平均尿碘中位数为287．2ug/L，各区儿童尿碘中位数平均为271．6u/L，证明总体人群碘营养充足，（3）天津市居民总体盐碘含量超过20mg/kg水平，各区居民户盐含碘量有9．9％－41．1％超过60mg/kg，说明碘盐的含碘是偏高是一个新的现象。结论：经过3年左右的食盐加碘防治工作，天津市碘缺乏情况已得到控制。

Investigation on iodine nutritional status and thyroid goiter prevalence of residents in Tianjin after salt iodination

Objective　To investigate iodine nutritional status and thyroid goiter prevalence of residents in Tianjin after salt iodination. Methods　From six districts, 31　　530 residents and 4　　415 pupils aged 7～14 years were selected by stratified cluster sampling. Their urinary iodine and iodine content of salt were measured. Their thyroid size and some children's 131　　I thyroid uptake rate were also examined. Results　The thyroid goiter prevalence were　　1.7%～10.6%　　(average 5.5%) in residents, 12.3%～32.4% (average 22.7%) in children aged 7～14 years and 13.0%～27.7% (average 19.7%) in 8～10 years groups respectively. The goiter prevalence decreased considerably but slowly after iodized salt supply. In four districts, the median urinary iodine was 287.2 μg/L in residents and was 271.6 μg/L in children aged 8～10 years. The data showed that iodine nutrition of residents was adequate. The iodine content of salt from residents' kitchens was generally over 20 mg/kg and over 60 mg/kg in 9.9%～41.1% of salt samples, hence the high iodine content in iodized salt may become an unfavorable factor to the residents. Children's 131　　I uptake　　rate　　was　　lower　　than before， which　　indicated that iodine deficiency has no more existed. Conclusions The iodine nutritional status improves ultimately after iodized salt supplementation for three years in Tianjin. Median urinary iodine and iodized salt reach the national standard for eliminating iodine defeciency disease but the goiter rate slowly decreased. The results indicate that iodine deficiency status is under control in Tianjin.