子宫内膜异位症病因及发病机制的研究进展

子宫内膜异位症（endometriosis，EMT）是指具有生长功能的子宫内膜组织出现在子宫腔面以外的部位而引起的病症。子宫内膜异位症发病率近年明显升高，约为7％-10％，是最常见的妇科疾病之一。此病系一种良性疾病。然而，其发病何以如此广泛，又何以形成病变？EMT的手术、药物治疗及治疗后复发，其所导致的不孕目益得到越来越多的重视，其病因及发病机制至今尚未清楚，而且缺乏有效的治疗手段。本文综述近年来有关子宫内膜异位症病因及发病机制的研究进展。

Progress on the cause and pathogenesis of endometriosis

Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the endometrial cavity and is the most common known cause of pelvic pain. The number of women being diagnosed with the disease is increasing, afflicting about 7-10% of women worldwide. It is one of the most frequent benign gynaecological diseases. However, why is it taken bad so widespread, and what form ？ Little is known about the pathogenetic processes leading to the development and maintenance of this disease and the currently available therapeutic strategies are unsatisfactory. There are many theories for the development of the disease endometriosis. Including the planting theory, the coelomic epithelial metaplasia theory and the inductive theory The most widely accepted theory is the theory what is postulated the endometriosis is a result of retrograde menstruation. The modern interpretation of the theory of reflux menstruation holds that women destined to develop endometriosis have a deficient immune system, which cannot defend against regurgitated endometrial cells. New findings on genetics, immune modulation, and secreted products of endometriotic lesions of affected women have given insight into the aetiology of this disorder. The goal of this article is to review the most recent advancements in the etiology and pathogenesis.