原位肝移植术后近期感染分析

目的：探讨原位肝移植术后1个月内感染的诊断、预防。方法： 回顾分析38例次原位肝移植的临床资料，对可能导致感染的危险因素进行分析。结果 ： 全组18例患者出现29例次感染，感染率为47.4%（18/38）。所有感染均出现在术后3d以后，感染部位肺部占37.9%（11/29），腹腔24.1%（7/29），血液17.2%（5/29），胆道13.8%（4/29），泌尿系统3.4%（1/29），肝脏3.4%（1/29）。感染菌株中阴沟肠杆菌占27.6%（8/29），大肠埃希菌24.1%（7/29），金黄色葡萄球菌20.7%（6/29），表皮葡萄球菌10.3%（3/29），肺炎克雷伯菌6.9%（2/29），白色念株菌6.9%（2/29），粪肠球菌3.4%（1/29）。感染病死率38.9%（7/18）。上腹部手术史、手术持续时间、输血量、胆道重建方式、术后肠道功能恢复延迟、术后持续高血糖是感染的主要危险因素，围术期肠道去污治疗是预防感染的保护因素。结论 ： 感染是影响肝移植生存率的重要因素之一，减少各种危险因素及围术期肠道去污治疗有助于降低感染的发生率。

Infection occurred with in short-term after orthotopic liver transplantation

Objective To study the diagnosis and prophylaxis of postoperative infections within 1 month after orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT). Methods Clinical date of 38 consecutive patients who underwent OLT at our institution from 2001 to 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Result Eighteen patients( 47.4% ) developed twenty-nine times infection after operation .Respiratory tract and peritoneum were the common infectious sites(37.9% and 24.1%). Enterobacter cloacae(8 of 29, 27.6%) , Escherichia coli(7 of 29, 24.1%),staphylococcus aureus(6 of 29, 20.7%) were the commonest bacterial.The mortality of infection was 38.9%(7/18). Identified risk factors for infection including: previous transplantation ; duration of operation; transfusion requirements during surgery; type of biliary anastomosis; delayed restoration of gastrointestinal function and persistent postoperative hyperglucocemia . Perioperative decontamination of the digestive tract had a protective effect. Conclusions Infections are a major cause of death among liver transplant recipients. Reducing risk factors of infection and perioperative decontamination of the digestive tract may decrease the occurrence of postoperative infection.