1960-2004年四川省甘孜州炭疽疫情分析

目的分析甘孜州45年炭疽疫情动态及流行因素,为制定防制策略提供科学依据。方法根据疫情资料及暴发疫情现场流调报告,对疫情资料进行病学统计分析。结果45年间,甘孜州共报告炭疽病例1005例,死亡84例。流行表现形式以常年散发伴局部地区暴发为主,具有一定的地域性特征,主要发病在牧区和半农半牧地区,发病季节多见于夏秋季,发病年龄以农牧民中的青壮年为主,男性多于女性,病例以农业型为主。资料显示,疫情发生与暴发的主要因素是农牧民缺乏科学的自我防范意识,就地宰杀病死畜。畜间检疫和监管力度不严,菌苗接种率低。结论应加大健康教育力度,加强对畜间的免疫和监管,卫生、畜牧部门相互配合,及时发现和处理疫情。

Analysis on Epidemic Situation of Anthrax in Ganzi Canton of Sichuan Province From 1960 to 2004

Objective To analyze the epidemic situation and factors of anthrax in Ganzi canton of Sichuan province from 1960 to 2004 to provide scientific bases for establishing preventative and control policies. Methods The epidemic situation data of anthrax in Ganzi canton from 1960 to 2004 were analyzed by epidemiological methods. Results From 1960 to 2004, there were 1 005 reported anthrax cases in Ganzi, among which 84 cases died. The major epidemic form of anthrax was sporadic and outbreak in some areas. Anthrax was closely related to region and season. Most cases occurred in pastoral areas and part agriculture and part stock raising areas in summer and autumn. Youth among peasants and stock raisers were the main incidence crowd. The incidence in male was higher than that in female. The data showed that peasants and stock raisers lacking of scientific self-protection awareness and slaughtering ailing animals on the spot, lax quarantine and supervision and low vaccination rate in domestic animals were major reasons for epidemic situation of anthrax. Conclusions We should strengthen health education for peasants and stock raisers, and attach importance to immunity and supervision among domestic animals. Relative departments should cooperate with each other in order to find and deal with the epidemic situation in time.