Intergenerational educational mobility on general mental health and depressive symptoms in young women

Purpose

To investigate how intergenerational educational mobility between women and their parents influences mental health/depressive symptoms in women.

Method

We studied 5,619 women aged 31–36 years in 2009 from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. The short-form-36 Mental Component Summary Scores MCS] measured mental health and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale CES-D] measured depressive symptoms. Multiple regression analyses, with adjustment for confounders, were used.

Results

Greater downward mobility from mothers (mother high to self low) MCS regression estimate β] ?3.35; 95 % confidence interval CI] ?5.6,?1.1; CES-D β 1.94; 95 % CI, 0.7,3.2], and greater (father high to self low MCS β,-2.53; 95 % CI ?4.8,?0.3] and moderate (father high to self intermediate MCS β ?1.71; 95 % CI ?3.3,?0.1] downward mobility from fathers were associated with poorer mental health in women. Another strongly consistent influence on poor mental health was answering ‘don’t know/not applicable’ about parental education mother–self MCS β ?1.34; 95 % CI, ?2.3,?0.4; mother–self CES-D β 0.52; 95 % CI 0.01,1.0; father–self MCS β ?1.19; 95 % CI ?2.1,?0.3].

Conclusions

There are subtle differences for same and opposite-sex parent–daughter relationships on the impact of downwards intergenerational educational mobility on mental health in young women. These results suggest the effect of own educational attainment on mental health depends on the degree of disparity between self and parent. Future studies should consider ‘don’t know’ as a separate category rather than treating it as a ‘missing’ response.