药用和茶用菊花种质资源的矿质元素分析评价

该研究从大别山区及其周边产地收集23份药用、茶用菊花种质资源,测定并比较了13种矿质元素的含量,绘制了不同种质资源菊花及其叶片中矿质元素含量分布指纹图谱;并运用相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析热图,进行了综合评价。结果表明:不同种质资源菊花中各元素平均含量高低为钾(K)>氮(N)>磷(P)>镁(Mg)>钙(Ca)>铁(Fe)>锰(Mn)>锌(Zn)>铜(Cu)>镍(Ni)>铬(Cr)>铅(Pb)>镉(Cd);叶片中为钾(K)>氮(N)>钙(Ca)>镁(Mg)>磷(P)>铁(Fe)>锰(Mn)>锌(Zn)>铬(Cr)>铜(Cu)>镍(Ni)>铅(Pb)>镉(Cd);菊花花和叶片中N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe元素含量丰富,其中K元素变化幅度最大,N,Ca,Fe,Mg,Zn元素变化幅度较大,不同种质资源菊花叶片中各元素吸收、累积差异较大。相关性分析表明,Ca元素与Mg,Mn,Cd元素间均存在较强正相关。主成分分析发现菊花药材的代表性元素为Mn,Cr,Cu,P,K,选择前5个主成分(F1~F5)对菊花药材进行综合评价,得分排名前5的品种为杭菊-福黄菊,杭菊-小洋菊晚熟,杭菊-射阳菊晚熟,杭菊-大洋花,杭菊-苏北菊,表明从矿质元素角度考虑,上述5份菊花资源药材品质较好。PCA得分图将23份菊花资源分成4组,聚类分析热图将23份菊花资源划为5类,相同类型的菊花资源均能够较好地聚集在一起,表明菊花种质资源矿质元素含量差异同遗传因子密切相关。

Analysis and evaluation of mineral elements of Chrysanthemum morifolium for medicinal and tea use of different germplasm resources

In this study,23 germplasm resources of Chrysanthemum morifolium used in medicine and tea were collected from Dabie Mountains and its surrounding producing areas,and the contents of 13 mineral elements were determined and compared.The thermal maps of correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used for comprehensive evaluation.The results showed that the average content of each element in Ch.morifolium of different germplasm resources was:K>N>P>Mg>Ca>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Pb>Cd,and the leaves were:K>N>Ca>Mg>P>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd.There are rich contents of N,P,K,Ca,Mg and Fe in Ch.morifolium flowers and their leaves,among them,K element has the largest change range,while N,Ca,Fe,Mg and Zn elements have a larger change range.The absorption and accumulation of each element in the leaves of different germplasm resources varied greatly.The correlation analysis shows that there is a strong positive correlation between Ca element,Mg,Mn and Cd element.Principal component analysis in Ch.morifolium flowers characteristic elements for Mn,Cr,Cu,P,K,can be used as a Ch.morifolium resources to identify the characteristics of the elements,choose top five principal component(F1-F5)comprehensive evalua-tion of medicinal Ch.morifolium,scored in the top five varieties for Hangiu-Fuhuangju,Hangju-Xiaoyangju,Hangju-Sheyangju,Hangju-Dayanghua,Hangju-Subeiju,indicates that in terms of mineral elements,the five medicinal Ch.morifolium resources quality is better.The PCA score chart can divide 23 Ch.morifolium resources into 4 groups,and the cluster analysis heat map divides 23 Ch.morifolium resources into 5 groups.All the Ch.morifolium resources of the same type can be well clustered together,indicating that the difference in mineral element content of Ch.morifolium germplasm resources is closely related to genetic factors.