藏族医学药用虎耳草科植物药材品种及标准的整理分析

通过查阅藏族医药相关的文献和标准,对藏族医学药用虎耳草科植物药材的品种、基原及其标准收载、功效等情况进行了整理。结果表明,藏族医学药用的虎耳草科植物共8属75种(含变种),涉及21个药材品种。在《中国药典》《部颁药品标准·藏药》《藏药标准》及地方中药标准中共收载了9个常用品种,包括松地、色地、亚吉玛、奥叻旦赛尔宝、见司达兀、塞果、喀图儿、桑滴、毛青红等,占药材品种数的42.9%;在相关藏族药标准及文献中,各药材品种的藏文名称和藏文音译汉文名称及其基原物种存在较大的差异,"同物异名""同名异物"等现象常见。各标准中收载的绝大多数品种(如松地、色地、亚吉玛等)仅有性状、显微及理化鉴别项,其质量标准水平较低。基于分析结果,该文认为应加强对藏医学药用虎耳草科药材品种的本草考证、资源和使用现状调查,进行品种整理,建立完善的质量标准,并进行药效物质基础及生物活性等的比较研究,以促进资源的合理利用,保障临床用药准确、安全有效。

Analysis of varieties and standards of Saxifragaceae medicinal plants used in Tibetan medicine

On the basis of literatures and standards relating to Tibetan medicine,the varieties,origin,standards and efficacy of Saxifragaceae plant used in Tibetan medicine were summarized.According to the findings,75 species(including varieties)in 8 genera of Saxifragaceae plants,involving 21 varieties,are used in Tibetan medicine.Among them,9 commonly used varieties,namely Songdi,Sedi,Yajima,Aoledansaierbao,Jiansidawu,Saiguo,Katuer,Sangdi,Maoqinghong,are recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia,Ministry Standards for Tibetan Medicine,Tibetan Medicine Standards and other local standards,accounting for 42.9%of the total number of varieties.Tibetan names,Tibetan translation of Chinese names,as well as original plant of Tibetan medicine varieties are quite different in relevant Tibetan medicine standards and literatures,which resulted in common phenomena of synonym and homonym.The standards of most varieties only involve characters,and microscopic,physical and chemical identification,with low quality standards.Based on the results of the analysis,this paper suggests strengthening surveys on herbal textual research,resources and current utilization of Saxifragaceae plants used in Tibetan medicine,summarizing the varieties,establishing improved quality standards,and perfor-ming a comparative study on therapeutic material basis and biological activity of different original plants,in order to promote rational use of these medicinal plant resources,and ensuring the accuracy,safety,and effectiveness of clinical medication.