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Exploring the Manifestations of Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders |
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| Authors: | Victoria Hallett Luc Lecavalier Denis G Sukhodolsky Noreen Cipriano Michael G Aman James T McCracken Christopher J McDougle Elaine Tierney Bryan H King Eric Hollander Linmarie Sikich Joel Bregman Evdokia Anagnostou Craig Donnelly Lily Katsovich Kimberly Dukes Benedetto Vitiello Kenneth Gadow Lawrence Scahill |
| Institution: | 1. Child Study Center and School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA 16. Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK 2. Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 3. Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neurosciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4. Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 5. Department of Psychiatry, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA 6. Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 7. Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA 9. Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 10. The Center for Autism, Philadelphia, PA, USA 8. Department of Pediatrics, Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada 11. Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA 12. DM-STAT, Inc, Malden, MA, USA 13. Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA 14. National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 15. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA 17. Marcus Autism Center, Emory University, 1920 Briarcliff Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329-4010, USA |
| Abstract: | This study explores the manifestation and measurement of anxiety symptoms in 415 children with ASDs on a 20-item, parent-rated, DSM-IV referenced anxiety scale. In both high and low-functioning children (IQ above vs. below 70), commonly endorsed items assessed restlessness, tension and sleep difficulties. Items requiring verbal expression of worry by the child were rarely endorsed. Higher anxiety was associated with functional language, IQ above 70 and higher scores on several other behavioral measures. Four underlying factors emerged: Generalized Anxiety, Separation Anxiety, Social Anxiety and Over-arousal. Our findings extend our understanding of anxiety across IQ in ASD and provide guidance for improving anxiety outcome measurement. |
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