滑车上动脉分支的解剖研究及在鼻再造中的应用

目的 通过对滑车上动脉分支的解剖研究,证实其存在恒定的皮支,经观察其供应皮肤的范围,设计以该皮支作为供血血管的额部超薄皮瓣和肌、皮双瓣,改良目前额部全厚皮瓣法的全鼻再造.方法 采用10具成人新鲜尸体进行解剖研究,分别记录滑车上动脉皮支发出的位置(以上眶缘和颜面中线为参考点)及其在皮下走行的深度、方向及与眶上动脉的交通情况.根据解剖结果在临床上设计超薄皮瓣5例,肌、皮双瓣11例.术后随访再造鼻的稳定性、皮瓣的存活率及患者对外形的满意度.结果 10具尸体解剖中均可见滑车上动脉在距上眶缘(1.18±0.36)cm,距颜面中线约(1.35±0.34)cm处发出固定皮支行于皮下且与对侧皮支、肌支、同侧肌支及双侧眶上动脉有广泛交通支,有3例只有皮支没有肌支.术后皮瓣全部成活,仅有1例鼻尖出现张力性水泡,未做处理自愈.其余病例术后塑形良好,患者对手术效果满意.结论 滑车上动脉存在有恒定的皮支,以皮支为血管蒂设计的额部超薄皮瓣,提高了鼻再造与鼻缺损修复的疗效.

Anatomic study of supratrochlear artery and its application in nasal reconstruction

OBJECTIVE: To study the anatomy of the cutaneous branch (CB) of supratrochlear artery and its relevance to the design of frontal flap in nasal reconstruction. METHODS: 10 fresh cadavers were dissected to study the position and course of the CB of supratrochlear artery (supraorbital rim and facial midline as landmark). The communication between the CB and supraorbital artery was also studied. 5 cases of ultra-thin frontal flaps and 11 cases of bi-flap( cutaneous flap and muscular flap) were designed on anatomic basis. The survival rate of flap, the stability and aesthetic appearance of the reconstructed nose were followed up. RESULTS: The supratrochlear artery gave off constant CB (1.18 +/- 0.36) cm from upper orbital rim and (1.35 +/- 0.34) cm from the midline of face. The CB passed in a subcutaneous plane and communicated with the bilateral muscular branch, CB of the opposite side and bilateral supraorbital artery. The supratrochlear artery only had CB with no muscular branch in 3 cases. All the flaps survived completely except one with blister on the nose tip which healed spontaneously. The postoperative aesthetic appearance was very satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: The supratrochlear artery has constant CB. The frontal ultra-thin flap pedicled with the CB can improve the therapeutic effect of nasal reconstruction.