医学生创新能力培养的实践与探索

本文以设计性综合性实验为载体，以探究未知问题为基础，构建一种开放式、学生主动参与的教学方法——“探究为基础的学习”（research—based learning，RBL）。具体方法为临床医学专业二年级学生在导师指导下首先查阅文献、收集资料，然后由学生自己提出课题，以未知的问题为基础进行学习、探讨。通过实验研究、分析实验结果、撰写论文、论文答辩等基础训练，使学生学习和了解了知识形成的基本过程，在本科生阶段接受创新意识和创新能力的基本训练。RBL注重培养学生自主学习能力、综合分析问题能力、实践能力和科学思维，有助于形成批判性思维和探究未知世界的意识及能力，提高学生的团队协作精神和综合素质，进而适应自主创新和国家创新体系建设对人才培养的要求。

Exploration and practice of the cultivation of the innovative ability of medical students in undergraduate education

Based on the research of indefinite problems and taking the planned comprehensive experiment as a carrier,we attempt to build a teaching method named research-based learning(RBL)which is open-typed and in which students may take an active part.On the basis of the training of literature referring and data collection,sophomores are encouraged to propose an idea,to learn and exvlore based on their hypothesis.Students are trained for serious laboratory work,data analysis,dissertation writing and thesis presentation and defense on the guidance of an advisor.Through these trainings the students axe supposed to learn and understand the fundamental process of knowledge form and are trained for innovative minds and abilities during undergraduate phase.RBL emphasis on the cultivation of the students'ability to acquire knowledge,to analyse questions comprehensively,to practice and to think scientifically and innovate;to improve the students'group cooperative spirits,the ability to intercourse and comprehensive quality;and to advance teaching reform in order to adapt to the needs of talents cultivation that the self invention and national innovative systems construction have put forward.