胸腺瘤的诊断与外科治疗

目的总结胸腺瘤的临床病理特点、手术方法及预后因素。方法66例胸腺瘤患者按Masaoka临床分期,根据肿瘤的生长情况确定术式,包括采用胸部正中切口或胸前外侧切口,完整或姑息切除胸腺瘤。结果在66例胸腺瘤中伴重症肌无力者14例（21．2％）,MasaokaⅠ期29例（43．9％）,Ⅱ期16例（24．2％）,Ⅲ期19例（28．8％）,Ⅳ期2例（3．0％）。全胸腺及胸腺瘤切除14例,单纯胸腺瘤切除40例,肿瘤部分切除5例,开胸探查肿瘤活检6例,颈部淋巴结活检1例。合并心包切除7例,上腔静脉部分切除2例,肺部分切除1例。术后30d内死亡1例,术后24例辅助放疗,2例辅助化疗,4例复发。结论胸腺瘤应尽量手术切除,即使不能完整切除,也应部分切除肿瘤,术后辅助放化疗。

Surgical treatment of primary thymoma

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical and pathologic features of thymoma and assess surgical treatment thereof. METHODS: The clinical data of 66 thymoma patients, 35 males and 31 females, aged 40.8 (30 approximately 59), who underwent surgical treatment in the past 20 years, were analyzed. By Masaoka staging system, underwent extensive or radical or palliative operation, most commonly performed through a median sternotomy and frequently requires en-bloc resection of one or more adjacent structures. RESULTS: Fourteen of the 66 patients had associated myasthenia gravis (MG). The most common symptoms included chest pain, MG, cough, and dyspnea; only 11 of the 66 (16.7%) patients had no symptom. Masaoka staging revealed stage I in 29 patients (43.9%), stage II in 16 (24.2%), stage III in 19 (28.8%), and stage IV in 2 (3.0%). Fourteen of the 66 patients underwent radical resection, resection of the whole thymus and thymoma, 40 underwent simple resection of thymus, 5 underwent palliative resection of thymoma, and 6 underwent thorectomy exploration. Recurrence of tumor was observed in 4 patients. Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy were performed 24 h after the operation, mainly in the cases of invasive or metastatic thymoma. One patient died within 30 days after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Resection and postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy are necessary in treatment of thymoma, particularly complete thymectomy.