后路选择性融合治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸单胸弯

目的探讨单胸弯青少年特发性脊柱侧凸手术治疗策略及融合节段的选择。方法治疗单胸弯青少年特发性脊柱侧凸72例（Lenke IA50例,LenkeIB8例,LenkeIC14例）,平均年龄14．3岁,男13例,女59例。均采取后路选择性胸椎融合治疗。上融合椎取上位的旋转中立位椎体;下融合椎通过下端椎、下方的旋转中立椎、稳定椎之间的相互关系来确定,取中立椎、中立椎上一位椎体或稳定椎上一位椎体。术前查站立位脊柱全长前后位、侧位,卧位左右侧屈位片,术后及随访时查站立位脊椎全长前后位、侧位片。测量冠状位Cobb角、顶椎偏移、顶椎旋转、躯干偏移,来观察侧弯矫治及躯干平衡情况。平均融合7．3个节段（4～10个节段）,平均随访15．9个月（12～39个月）。结果手术前后胸弯冠状位Cobb角分别为（56．74-14．5）°（40～98°）和（18．54-8．3）°（3～40°）;手术前后腰弯冠状位Cobb角分别为（33．94-10．4）°（25～69°）和（11．14-6．4）°（0～30°）,自发矫正率为（66．94-16）％（44～100）％。躯干偏移由（16．14-10．2）mm（4—43）min矫至（8．24-6．1）mm（0～25min）,有2例病人术后出现轻度躯干失平衡,随访两年无进一步进展。结论结合站立位上下端椎、中立椎、稳定椎确定融合范围在矫治单胸弯青少年特发性脊柱侧凸中可取得良好的矫治效果。

Selective posterior fusion of single thoracic curve adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: experience in 72 cases

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the strategy of surgery and choice of the fusion segments in thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) treatment. METHODS: Selective posterior fusion was used on 72 AIS patients, 13 male and 59 female, aged 14.3 (12 - 18), 50 being of Lenke-type IA, 8 Lenke-type IB, and 14 Lenke-type IC. In principle the upper neutral vertebrae were selected as upper instrumented vertebrae. The lower neutral vertebrae, the vertebrae 1 level proximal to the neutral vertebrae, or stable vertebrae were chosen as the lower instrumented vertebrae based on the analysis of the correlation among the lower end vertebrae, neutral vertebrae and stable vertebrae's locations. Standing anteroposterior and lateral and side-bending radiographs were taken preoperatively, postoperatively and during the follow-up. The coronal and sagittal Cobb angle, translation and rotation of apical vertebrae, and trunk translation were evaluated to observe the curve correction and trunk balance. The patients underwent spinal fusion of 7.3 segments (4 - 10 segments) on average. Follow-up was conducted for 15.9 months (12 - 39 months). RESULTS: The thoracic curves' coronal Cobb angle before the operation was 56.7 degrees +/- 14.5 degrees (40 degrees - 98 degrees), and was 18.5 degrees +/- 8.3 degrees (3 degrees - 40 degrees) after the operation. The lumbar curves' coronal Cobb angle before operation was 33.9 degrees +/- 10.4 degrees (25 degrees - 69 degrees), and was 11.1 degrees +/- 6.4 degrees (0 degrees - 30 degrees ) after operation. The spontaneous correction rate was 66.9% +/- 16% (44% - 100%). The trunk translation before operation was 16.1 +/- 10.2 mm (4 - 43 mm), and was 8.2 +/- 6.1 mm (0 - 25 mm) after operation. Two patients were found with slight trunk decompensation postoperatively, but with no progression during a 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: Determination of the fusion levels based on the analysis of the correlation among the end vertebrae, neutral vertebrae and stale vertebrae's location helps obtain the satisfying curative effect in the management of single thoracic curve AIS.