贫血孕妇维生素A、维生素B_2和铁营养状况及抗氧化水平的调查分析

目的分析孕期贫血妇女的血浆维生素A(VA)、维生素B2(VB2)和铁营养状况及抗氧化水平。方法将孕中期妇女分成非贫血组(Hb≥110g/L,36人)和贫血组(HB80~105g/L,426人),经知情后同意参加。采用24小时膳食回忆法了解受试者每日主要营养素摄入情况,采集空腹静脉血5ml,分析血浆VA、VB2和铁蛋白(SF)水平,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,丙二醛(MDA)和红细胞膜流动性的变化。结果贫血孕妇VA、VB2摄入不足,分别为推荐摄入量(RNIs)的58·7%和57·2%,铁的来源仍为吸收率低的植物性食物。贫血孕妇的血浆VA(1·25μmol/L)和铁蛋白(20·57μg/L)水平明显低于非贫血孕妇(VA1·57μmol/L,SF33·16μg/L,P<0·05),全血谷胱苷肽还原酶活性系数(BGRAC)(1·79)水平高于非贫血组(1·52);SOD(77·1U/ml)和GSH-Px(61·9U)活性低于非贫血组(SOD92·2U/ml,GSH-Px71·6U,P<0·05);MDA(4·58nmol/ml)和红细胞膜的P和η值(P=0·2622,η=2·7465)明显高于非贫血组(MDA3·78nmol/ml,P=0·2360,η=2·3658,P<0·05)。且随贫血程度的加重,VA、铁蛋白水平、SOD和GSH-Px活性进一步下降,BGRAC、MDA、P和η值明显升高。结论妊娠中期贫血妇女血浆VA、VB2、铁蛋白及抗氧化能力均明显低于非贫血孕妇。且随贫血程度的加重而降低。

Status of vitamin A, vitamin B2, iron and an-oxidantive activity in anemic pregnant women in China

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of vitamin A(VA), vitamin B2 (VB2), iron and anoxidative function in anemic and non-anemic pregnant women. METHODS: 426 anemic and 36 non-anemic pregnant women were included in the study. The survey of 24-hour's diet recall of pregnant women was made to evaluate intake of iron, VB2, folic acid, etc by the nutrition software provided by Beijing 301 hospital, iron and VA were measured by Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and by high-pressure liquid chromatography. VB2 status was detected using the assay for erythrocyte glutathione reductase (Egr; EC 1.6.4.2) activity. SOD and GSH-Px activities and MDA were determined using commercial kits. Peripheral blood erythrocyte membrane fluidity was detected by using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as a probe, the degree of fluorescence polarization (P) at 25 degrees C of disrupted cells plasma membranes were compared for a variety of systems. RESULTS: Median intakes of protein and vitamin C met the current Chinese RNIs for pregnancy, whereas intakes of(VA) and VB2 were well below the recommendations. Intake of iron were above 90%, but the main sources of iron are vegetables. Plasma VA (1.25 micromol/L) and iron (20.57 microg/L) were lower, BGRAC (1.79) was higher than that in non-anemia group (VA 1.57 micromol/L, SF 33.16 microg/L, BGRAC 1.52). The level of plasma SOD (77.1U/ml) and the activity of GSH-Px (61.9U) were lower than those in non-anemia group (92.2U/ml, 71.6U, P < 0.05), while MDA (4.58 nmol/ml) level and erythrocyte membrane (P = 0.2622, eta = 2.7465) fluidity were higher than those non-anemia group(MDA = 3.78 nmol/ ml, P = 0.2360, eta = 2.3658). CONCLUSION: Plasam VA, VB2 and iron, antioxidantcapacity and erythrocyte membrane fluidity were decreased in the anemic pregnant women.