奉化市1955～2004年传染病病谱演变趋势分析

目的分析奉化市1955—2004年传染病的发病和病谱的变化趋势。方法利用50年传染病发病资料，计算各年代平均发病率、死亡率和病死率，分析不同年代传染病的流行特征及趋势。结果50年间传染病年平均发病率、死亡率和病死率分别下降91．60％、99．24％和91．23％。呼吸道、肠道和虫媒及自然疫源性传染病的发病率分别下降96。14％、87．54％和99．44％。血源及性传播性传染病发病率上升了35．13％，其构成比达48．22％。淋病、乙肝和肺结核年平均发病率分别为62．98／10万、51．48／10万和46．88／10万。疫苗针对的传染病被有效控制。HIV／AIDS、霍乱O139和大肠杆菌O157：H7等病例不断发生。结论血源及性传播疾病持续上升，肠道传染病居高不下，新的传染病不断发生，已成为奉化市主要公共卫生问题。

Trend of development of infectious diseases in Fenghua City during the period of 1955 - 2004.

Objective To investigate the trend and pattern of communicable diseases in Fenghua County from 1955 to 2004. Methods The epidemic characteristics and trends of communicable diseases were analyzed with indices as the average rates of morbidity, mortality and fatality in the last fifty years. Results The incidence rate,the death rate and the fatality rate of communicable diseases during the past 50 years were significantly reduced, being 91.60%,99.24% and 91.23% respectively.The incidences of respiratory, digestive and arthropod-borne and zoonotic infectious diseases were significantly falling down, reduced by 96.14%,87.54% and 99.44%,respectivcly,while diseases the transmitted throug blood transfusion and STD were obviously going up, by 35.13% acciybtubg for 48.22%.Incidences of gonorrhea, hepatitis B and TB were 60.98/100 000, 51.48/100 000 and 46.88/ 100 000 respectively. Some new infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS,cholera O_ 139 and EHEC O_ 157 :H_7 were emerging in recent years. Conclusion The incidence rates of infectious diseases transmitted throug blood transfusion as well as STD are increasing,intestinal infections is still high and new communicable diseases occur occasionally,all of which are main public health problems in Fenghua city.