甲状腺结节腔镜外科治疗的变迁

目的总结腔镜甲状腺切除术的手术入路、适应证、禁忌证及手术并发症的变迁。方法复习国内外有关腔镜甲状腺切除术的文献,总结其入路、适应证、禁忌证及常见并发症的历史与现状。结果各腔镜甲状腺手术的入路均有其优点,其中胸乳入路及完全乳晕入路为主流术式;腔镜甲状腺切除术的适应证和术者及器械有紧密的关联,目前尚无统一的适应证;随着腔镜技术的提升,禁忌证会逐渐被克服;新器械的辅助和术者经验的累积降低了手术并发症的发生率,但仍有并发症发生。结论腔镜甲状腺切除术是治疗甲状腺结节的主要手段,随着技术的提升、器械的革新、适应证的扩大及禁忌证的克服,其会获得更广泛的应用。

Changes of Endoscopic Surgery for Thyroid Nodule

Objective To summary the change of surgical approaches, indications, contraindications, and complications of endoscopic thyroidectomy. Methods Endoscopic thyroidectomy related literatures at home and abroad were collected to summary the change of surgical approaches, indications, contraindications, and complications of it.Results The approaches of endoscopic thyroidectomy had their own advantages, wherein breast and complete areola approaches were mainstream surgical procedures;the indications were closely correlated with surgeons and devices, and there were no uniform indications yet. With the advance in endoscopic techniques, the contraindications would be gradually resolved, and the assistance of new devices and the accumulation of experience reduced the incidence of surgical complications, but there were still probability of occurrence of such complications. Conclusions Endoscopic thyroidectomy is the main means of treating thyroid nodules, which will be more widely used with the advance in techniques, the innovation of devices, the expansion of indications as well as the overcoming of contraindications.