输尿管支架在泌尿疾病治疗中的应用及其生物相容性

目的:阐述输尿管支架的临床研究进展,评价其生物相容性.方法:由第一作者用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI:1989/2009)和Medline(1989/2009)数据库,检索词分别为"输尿管、生物相容性、支架、治疗、并发症"和"Ureter,biocompatibility,bracket,treatment,complications",语言分别设定为中文和英文,共检索到51篇,按纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选,共纳入21篇.从输尿管支架治疗进展和输尿管支架并发症的防治2方面进行总结,对输尿管支架的临床应用进展、生物相容性和防治并发症3方面进行探讨.结果:输尿管支架主要包括多聚物材料、金属材料和可降解材料输尿管支架,各有其优缺点.输尿管支架作为上尿路疾病治疗中最常用的置入材料,具有支架和内引流双重作用,可缓解输尿管梗阻、防止置入后漏尿和输尿管狭窄.输尿管支架置入并发症有支架管移位,尿液返流,膀胱刺激症,结垢与结石形成和感染等,但经过积极对症治疗都可缓解症状.结论:输尿管支架置入是临床治疗泌尿系疾病有效手段,各种输尿管支架的生物相容性均有待提高.支架置入时应严格操作,出现并发症时进行积极对症治疗,可有效防治并发症.

Application and biocompatibility of ureter stent in treating urinary system diseases

OBJECTIVE: To summarize advances in clinical application of ureter stent and its biocompatibility. METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI (1989/2009) and Medline (1989/2009) was performed with the key words of "ureter, biocompatibility, stent, treatment, complications" in Chinese and English respectively. A total of 51 articles were collected. and 21 were included. The treatment advances and its biocompatibility of ureter stent were summarized, and clinical application advances, biocompatibility and complication prevention of ureter stent were explored. RESULTS: Ureter stent includes polymerizer, metal and degradable material stents. As the common implants in treatment of upper urinary tract diseases, ureter stent functions as stent and internal drainage, and relieve ureteral obstruction, prevent leakage of urine postoperatively and ureterostenosis. Complications following ureter stent implantation include stent shifting, urine reflux, irdtative symptoms of bladder, fouling and stone formation as well as infection. However, these complications can be relieved through positive treatment. CONCLUSION: Ureter stent is an effective approach to treat urologic disease, but the biocompatibility required improvement. Rigorous operation during stent implantation and positive treatment of complication can effectively prevent complications.