三峡坝区钩端螺旋体病监测结果分析

目的调查长江三峡水库坝区钩端螺旋体病流行因素和疫情。方法选择调查点,收集1996~2006年钩端螺旋体病疫情资料,进行钩端螺旋体病病原分离和抗体检测。结果2003~2006年长江三峡水库坝区钩端螺旋体病发病率比蓄水前低,采13份散发钩端螺旋体病人双份血清,用交叉吸收实验检测出临海、致热、乳山3个新的钩端螺旋体血清型;水库坝区清底后,鼠密度2.09%。室内褐家鼠为优势鼠种,占57.1%;户外黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠为优势鼠种,占66.67%。分离钩端螺旋体菌36株,分属5个血清群7个血清型,其中黄疸出血群占47.22%,波摩那群占27.78%,鼠肾、猪肾和蛙肾带菌率分别为2.67%、0.81%和0.25%,健康人群黄胆出血群阳性率为31.12%。结论长江三峡水库坝区蓄水期间没有发生钩端螺旋体病暴发流行,采取水库坝区清底可以有效降低鼠密度。

Surveillance of leptospirosis at the Three Gorges reservoir dam area

Objective The epidemic situation of leptospirosis and its influencing factors were investigated.Methods Data of leptospirosis from 1996-2006 were collected,pathogen and antibody were examined.Results The incidence of leptospirosis was decreased.Double blood serum was collected from 13 leptospirosis patients,overlapping Absorption test was done,three new serum types,including Linhai and Zhire,were found.After clearing the reservoir bottom,rat density reduced to 2.09%.The sewer rat was predominant indoors,account for 57.1%,while Apodemus agrarius was predominant outdoors,account for 66.67%.36 strains of leptospirosis were isolated,belonging to 5 serum groups and 7 serotypes,in which jaundice hemorrhage group account for 47.22%,Leptospira pomona account for 27.78%,the rat kidney and pig kidney were the carrier,the rate was 2.67%,0.81% and 0.25% respectively,the positive rate of jaundice hemorrhage in the healthy population was the highest,average 31.12%.Conclusion After impounding water in the Three Gorges Resevoir,there was no leptospirosis epidemic.Rat density could be lowered through the clearance of the reservoir bottom.