闽西冶炼厂工人血铅水平调查分析

目的了解闽西多家锰铁合金冶炼厂作业人员慢性铅中毒发生情况,为制定预防措施提供依据。方法选取2010-2012年间,对7家冶炼厂的作业工人进行血铅含量检测,接触铅烟(尘)人员慢性铅中毒发病情况进行调查。结果 3年间7家冶炼厂合计采集空气样品130份,超过国家卫生标准35份,超标率为26.90%;7家冶炼厂作业工人血铅检测样本388例,按《职业慢性铅中毒诊断标准》(GBZ 37-2002),血铅增高131例,其中观察对象84例,轻度中毒41例,中度中毒4例,重度中毒2例。作业人员慢性铅中毒检出率,生产环境与职业卫生管理制度好的是甲、庚厂,累计患病率为11%;差的丁、己厂为60.9%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=69.7,P<0.05);接触工龄<1年,10年～,≥20年与其他工龄比较有统计学意义(χ2分别为5.57、5.65、5.16,均P<0.05);男、女发病率差异比较具有统计学意义(χ2=11.61,P<0.01)。结论闽西这7家冶炼厂作业人员慢性铅中毒检出率较高,防护设施不齐全,并且工人自我防护意识薄弱。职业健康监护覆盖面有待提高。

Survey on blood lead level of smeltimz factory workers in Minxi region

Objective To investigate the incidence of chronic lead poisoning among employees from ferromanganese smelt- ers in Minxi region, and provide a basis for setting up the protective measures. Methods During 2010 -2012, blood lead level was measured in employees selected from seven smelters, and those who contacted with lead fume were also surveyed for symptoms of chronic lead poisoning. Results Totally 130 air specimens were collected, 35 of which were found excee- ding national standard with the rate of 26. 9%. Analysis on the results of blood lead level taken from 388 workers showed 131 heightening cases according to the national occupational chronic lead poisoning diagnosis standards （GBZ 37 -2002）. As far as the degree, 84 specimens belonged to the object of observation, 41 specimens were mild intoxication, 4 specimens were moderate and severe intoxication were 2 cases. The incidence of chronic lead poisoning distinguished, and 11% was it in the two smelters which had the better production environment and occupational health management, comparing with 60. 9% in two of the worse（X^2=69. 7 ,P 〈0. 05）. The contrast among less than one year, 10 -20 years, and greater than 20 years, which meant the length of exposure and morbidity were related, had significant difference （X^2= 5.57,5.65, 5.16 respectively, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Gender differences contributed to the incidence （X^2= 11.61, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion The incidence of chronic lead poisoning is high in the 7 smelters in Minxi region. The preventive measure is incomplete and the self - protection awareness of the employees is weak. The occupational health coverage needs to be improved.