胸腰椎骨折内固定手术失败原因分析

目的分析胸腰椎骨折内固定手术失败的原因。方法总结自1998年7月～2005年4月收治的32例胸腰椎骨折内固定失败病例,探讨其原因；其中前路于术3例,后路手术29例；包括断钉9例(18枚),松棒(含螺母松动)8例,断棒4例,椎弓根钉定位点错误8例(15枚),内植物松动失效3例。结果30例患者接受二次手术治疗,2例患者经保守治疗痊愈。失败原因：①手术入路选择错误；②忽视椎体前柱“空壳”现象；③手术技术操作不当；④术前忽视相邻椎间盘损伤；⑤个别手术器械设计缺陷。结论胸腰椎骨折术前应严格手术适应证,选择正确的手术入路及内固定器械,手术争取一期稳定椎体前柱,熟练掌握脊柱解剖知识及提高手术操作技能是避免手术失败的关键。

Analysis of the failed internal fixations for thoracolumbar fractures

Objective To discuss the common causes for postoperative complications after treatment of spinal fractures and their preventive measures.Methods To analyze the 32 failed eases who received internal fixation for their thoracolumbar fractures between July 1998 and April 2005 in our department.Their preoperative and postoperative results of X-ray,CT and MIR examinations were reviewed to find out the causes for failure.Three of them were treated through anterior approach and 29 through posterior approach.Eighteen screws broke in eight eases, the rods got loosened in eight cases and broken in four cases,15 pedicte screws were mis-located in eight cases and the implants got loosened in three cases.Results Thirty patients had to get a reoperation.Two were cured through non-surgical treatment.The causes for failure were found to be as follows:1,incorrect operation approach;2,in- stability of the front-middle colunm;3,unskillful operation;4,ignorance or the lesion to the adjacent vertebral discs; 5,flaws in pedicle screw design.Conclusion To prevent postoperative complications after internal fixation for spinal fractures,surgeons should strictly stick to the indications before operation,choose a proper approach and method for internal fixation,try to stabilize the front-middle column by the first intention,and have a good command of anatomy and operation skills.