糖尿病大鼠胃肠运动障碍与胃肠神经元的关系

目的探讨链脲佐菌素（STZ）-糖尿病大鼠胃肠动力障碍和胃肠肌间神经丛胆碱能和氮能神经元的关系。方法45只sD大鼠随机分为对照组、糖尿病组和胰岛素组。成模后16周测定大鼠胃肠动力,观察胃肠肌间神经丛胆碱能和氮能神经元的形态变化。结果与对照组比较,糖尿病组大鼠胃肠动力减弱（P〈0．01）,胃窦、小肠肌间神经丛胆碱能神经元（6．6±2．9VS15．7±3．815．6±10．3VS22．6±7．4,P均〈0．01）和胃窦部氮能神经元（5．3±1．2VS11．8±2．2,P〈0．01）计数显著降低。胰岛素组胃肠动力、胃窦部氮能神经元和小肠胆碱能神经元计数均显著高于糖尿病组（P均〈0．05）,但均低于对照组（P均〈0．05）。结论STZ-糖尿病大鼠胃肠动力障碍可能与胃肠肌间神经丛胆碱能和氮能神经损伤有关;胰岛素治疗能在一定程度上改善糖尿病胃肠动力障碍。

Relationship between gastrointestinal dyskinesis and gastrointestinal neurons in diabetic mellitus: experiment with rats

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between gastrointestinal dyskinesis and histologic changes of gastrointestinal myenteric plexus cholinergic and nitrergic neurons in STZ-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: 45 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, diabetic group and insulin group. 16 weeks after diabetic model established, gastrointestinal motility of rats was measured and histologic changes of myenteric plexus cholinergic neuron and nitrergic neuron was observed. RESULTS: Compared with control group, gastrointestinal motility of diabetic group was markedly slow (P < 0.01), the myenteric plexus cholinergic neuron counting of gastric antrum and small intestine were significantly decreased (6.6 +/- 2.9 vs 15.7 +/- 3.8 15.6 +/- 10.3 vs 22.6 +/- 7.4, P < 0.01), yet the number of nitrergic neuron only markedly reduced in gastric antrum (5.3 +/- 1.2 vs 11.8 +/- 2.2, P < 0.01). The gastrointestinal mobility, gastric antrum nitrergic neuron and small intestine cholinergic neuron counting of insulin group were markedly higher than that of diabetic group (P < 0.05), yet lower than that of control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The gastrointestinal dyskinesis of STZ-induced diabetic rats might be associated with lesions of gastrointestinal myenteric plexus cholinergic neuron and nitrergic neuron. Insulin intensive therapy can partly ameliorate diabetic gastrointesternal dyskinesis.