急性肺栓塞患者抗凝或溶栓治疗前后凝血纤溶系统及血管内皮功能的变化

目的 了解急性肺栓塞（PTE）患者发病后及抗凝或溶栓治疗后凝血纤溶系统和血管内皮功能的变化。方法 将37例PTE患者分为抗凝治疗组（20例）和溶栓治疗组（17例）,设立正常对照组40例,采用ELISA法检测血浆D-二聚体（D—D）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1（PAI-1）、蛋白-S（PS）、蛋白-C（PC）、凝血酶调节蛋白（TM）含量,采用发色底物法检测抗凝血酶-Ⅲ（AT—Ⅲ）活性。在抗凝治疗第6天和溶栓结束后24h分别复查上述指标。抗凝治疗患者可应用静脉注射普通肝素或采用皮下注射低分子肝素。在应用普通肝素或低分子肝素24—48h后,加用口服抗凝剂华法林,重叠应用4—5d,当连续2d测定凝血酶原时间（PT）国际标准比值（INR）达到2．0～3．0时,停用普通肝素／低分子肝素,单独口服华法林治疗。溶栓治疗组患者采用尿激酶或rtPA溶栓。在应用低分子肝素24—48h后加用口服抗凝剂华法林,重叠应用4—5d,当连续2d测定PTINR达到2．0—3．0时,停用低分子肝素,单独口服华法林治疗。结果在治疗前,抗凝治疗组PTE患者D—D、t—PA、PS、TM含量明显高于正常对照组,AT-Ⅲ活性明显低于正常对照组（均P〈0．05）;溶栓治疗组FrrE患者D—D、t-PA、PAI-1、PS、TM含量明显高于正常对照组,AT-Ⅲ活性明显低于正常对照组（均P〈0．05）。抗凝治疗组应用肝素或低分子肝素后血D—D、t-PA、PS、PC含量较治疗前有明显下降（均P〈0．05）,而PAI-1、TM含量和AT-Ⅲ活性治疗前后差异无统计学意义。溶栓治疗组应用尿激酶或rtPA溶栓后,血D—D、t—PA、PAI-1、PS、PC、TM含量较治疗前有明显下降（均P〈0．05）,而AT—Ⅲ活性较治疗前差异无统计学意义。结论 PTE患者存在凝血纤溶系统功能失衡和肺血管内皮损伤。抗凝和溶栓治疗对于调节PTE患者体内的凝血与纤溶系统失衡及血管内皮功能有重要意义．

Changes of blood coagulative and fibrinolytic system and function of pulmonary vascular endothelium after therapy in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of blood coagulative and fibrinolytic system and the function of pulmonary vascular endothelium in the course of acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and after anticoagulant or thrombolytic treatment. METHODS: Twenty patients with acute non-massive PTE, 10 males and 10 females, aged (57 +/- 11) underwent anticoagulant treatment and 17 sex-, and age-matched acute massive PTE patients underwent thrombolytic treatment. The plasma level of D-dimer (D-D), thrombomodulin (TM), protein C (PC), protein S (PS), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and antithrombin-III (AT-III) activity were measured by ELISA before and after normal subjects severed as control group were included in the study. The plasma level of D-D, PS, PC, TM, t-PA and PAI-1 were measured by a method of ELISA before the treatment and six days after the anticoagulant treatment or 24 hours after the thrombolytic treatment. AT-III activity was measured by chromo-substrate method at the same time points. Forty sex- and age-matched healthy persons were used as controls. RESULTS: The plasma levels of D-D, t-PA, PS, and TM level of the anticoagulant group were all significantly higher and the AT-III activity of the 2 treatment groups was significantly lower than those of the controls before treatment (all P < 0.05); the plasma levels of D-D, t-PA, PAI-1, PS, and TM of the thrombolytic group were ala significantly higher and the AT-III activity was significantly lower than those of the control group before the treatment (all P < 0.05). After anticoagulant therapy, the plasma levels of D-D, t-PA, PS, and PC were significantly lower than those before treatment (all P < 0.05), however, the plasma levels of PAI-1, TM, and AT-III activity after treatment did not differ significantly from those before treatment. The plasma levels of D-D, t-PA, PS, PC, and TM after treatment of the thrombolytic group were all significantly lower than those before treatment (all P < 0.05), however, the plasma levels of PAI-1, TM, and AT-III activity after treatment did not differ significantly from those before treatment. CONCLUSION: Apparent imbalance in the blood coagulative and fibrinolytic system and pulmonary vascular endothelium damage occur in the patients with acute PTE. Combination tests of plasma D-D, AT-III, PS, PC, TM, t-PA and PAI-1 can give a more comprehensive explanation of the imbalance in the blood coagulative and fibrolytic system. Anticoagulant treatment and thrombolytic treatment play important roles in the regulation of the imbalance of coagulative and fibrinolytic system and protection of the function of pulmonary vascular endothelium of PTE patients.