伴有肾动脉狭窄的冠心病患者心绞痛表现分析

目的分析冠心病患者合并肾动脉狭窄时的心绞痛临床特点,并判断其对冠心病的诊断价值。方法对象为1998年1月至2005年5月同时进行肾动脉和冠状动脉造影的住院患者2820例。心绞痛3组症状包括时间性质部位符合心绞痛、劳力情绪诱发和休息硝酸甘油缓解。任何一支肾动脉和冠状动脉血管直径狭窄超过50％可以分别诊断为肾动脉狭窄和冠心病。结果合并肾动脉狭窄组243例（85．6％）,无肾动脉狭窄组2577例。以胸痛休息硝酸甘油缓解、劳力情绪诱发、时间性质部位符合心绞痛等一组症状,诊断合并肾动脉狭窄的冠心病患者,敏感性分别为94．2％、69．7％和75．5％,特异性14．3％、40．0％和25．7％,阳性预测值86．7％、87．3％和85．8％,阴性预测值29．4％、18．2％和15．0％。以胸痛休息硝酸甘油缓解和劳力情绪诱发、时间性质部位符合心绞痛和劳力情绪诱发、时间性质部位符合心绞痛和休息硝酸甘油缓解等2组症状,诊断合并肾动脉狭窄患者的冠心病,敏感性分别为68．8％、56．7％和72．6％,特异性40．0％、62．9％和45．7％,阳性预测值87．2％、90．1％和88．8％,阴性预测值17．7％、19．6％和21．9％。心绞痛3组症状对于合并肾动脉狭窄患者的冠心病的诊断,敏感性为56．4％、特异性62．9％、阳性预测值90．0％和阴性预测值19．5％。结论心绞痛1组、2组或3组症状,对于冠心病诊断的敏感性和漏诊率以及多数特异性和误诊率,在是否合并肾动脉狭窄的患者中无显著差异,在肾动脉狭窄的患者中,阳性预测值偏大、阴性预测值偏小。

Clinical characteristics of angina pectoris in patients of coronary artery disease complicated with renal stenosis and the diagnostic value thereof: analysis of 2820 cases

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of angina symptom complex of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) complicated with renal stenosis, and to analyze their sensitivity and specificity of angina symptom complex for the diagnosis of CAD. METHODS: The medical records of 2820 in-hospital patients who underwent coronary angiography and renal angiography simultaneously during the period from Jan 1998 to May 2005 and could be diagnosed as with CAD or renal stenosis with the stenotic degree more than 50% of the coronary or renal artery in angiography, were analyzed. The diagnosis of CAD was based on the 3 groups of symptoms recommended by American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association: (1) substernal chest discomfort with a characteristic quality and duration, (2) chest pain provoked by exertion or emotional stress, and (3) chest pain that can be relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. RESULTS: 243 of the 2820 patients had renal stenosis and 2577 of the 2820 patient did not have renal stenosis. The prevalence rates of CAD and hypertension were higher in the renal stenosis group and in the patients without renal stenosis. To diagnose CAD with any one of the 3 groups of above mentioned angina symptom complex, the sensitivity rates were 94.2%, 69.7%, and 75.5% respectively, the specificity rates were 14.3%, 40.0%, and 25.7% respectively, the positive predictive values were 86.7%, 87.3%, and 85.8% respectively, and the negative predictive values were 29.4%, 18.2%, and 15.0% respectively. To diagnose CAD by the symptoms of groups (2) plus (3), (1) plus (2), and (1) plus (3) the sensitivity rates were 68.8%, 56.7%, and 72.6% respectively, specificity rate were 40.0%, 62.9%, and 45.7% respectively, positive predictive values were 87.2%, 90.1%, and 88.8% respectively, and negative predictive values were 17.7%, 19.6, and 21.9% respectively. To diagnose CAD based on all three groups of angina symptom complex, the sensitivity was 56.3%, specificity was 62.9%, positive predictive value was 90.0%, and negative predictive value was 19.5%. CONCLUSION: For detecting CAD based on one, two or three groups of angina symptom complex, there are not significant differences in the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, however, the positive predictive value is greater and the negative predictive value is smaller in the patients with renal stenosis compared with those without renal stenosis.