深圳市0～6岁儿童伤害影响因素及干预研究

【目的】探讨儿童伤害的影响因素，制定一套适合深圳地区儿童伤害的预防与控制措施。【方法】采用整群随机抽样的方法．以深圳6大区的12个社区为研究社区，对2001年全年内发生非致命性伤害的122名儿童进行1：1配对的病例对照研究。选择伤害发生率比较高的龙岗区横岗镇作为伤害监测点，开始伤害控制的全面监测工作。【结果】儿童伤害的危险因素有；散居儿童、危险的物理环境得分多、家庭子女数多、父亲职业为个体及商业工作者、儿童外向型性格、家中药品位置与热源放置不当；其保护因素有：家庭经济收入高、家中地板防滑情况好、父亲职业为公务员、儿童接受过老师的安全教育等。根据以上提供的儿童伤害及危险因素的基本数据，选择监测点，开始了伤害干预研究。【结论】应针对儿童伤害的影响因素，及早开展伤害的干预控制，以期减少儿童伤害发生率，达到促进儿童的健康和提高生命质量。

Study on risk factors and prevention of injures for children under six in Shenzhen

Objective] To explore the risk factors of childhood injuries and to provide scientific guidelines for prevention and control of injury that are suitable for Shenzhen communities. Methods] Using the cluster sampling and pair-matching methods, 122 children aged 0-6 years suffered non-fatal injury were investigated in 12 communities of Shenzhen in 2001. According to the injury incidence rate of each community, the Henggang town in Longgang district was selected as intervention point because of the highest incidence rate. The interventions and surveillance of injuries were developed and conducted. Results] The risk factors of childhood injury were children management type, dangerous physical environmental score, family children number, father as businessman, outgoing personality, no safety education from teacher, heating resource in accessible place; the protective factors were family high income, anti slippy floor, father as official, drug in inaccessible place. According to the basic data, we began to study the prevention of injures. Conclusion] According to the risk factors of childhood injury, the intervention and control measures that are suitable for Shenzhen communities. The injuries surveillance system should be established and conducted early to reduce the injury incidence, facilitate children health, and improve safety in children.