草果化学成分、药理作用、临床应用研究进展及质量标志物预测分析

草果Tsaoko Fructus是重要的药食同源品种，为云南道地药材，应用广泛，具燥湿温中、截疟除痰功效，具有调节胃肠功能、抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降糖和调脂等药理作用，主要化学成分包括挥发油、酚、黄酮、二苯基庚烷和双环壬烷类等。现代研究认为，与其传统功效相关的药理作用主要体现在胃肠道系统，活性成分为挥发油和酚类物质。根据质量标志物的核心理念，基于草果化学成分和药理作用的研究进展，从植物亲缘、药效、药性、配伍、化学成分可测性等方面，对草果质量标志物进行预测分析，初步确定1,8-桉油精、柠檬醛、2-癸烯醛、香叶醛、原儿茶酸和香草酸等为其可能的质量标志物，为草果质量评价和研究开发提供科学参考。

A review on chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications of Tsaoko Fructus and predictive analysis of its Q-Markers

Caoguo (Tsaoko) Fructus is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It has been widely used in China for centuries as a homology of medicine and food, which has dispelled dampness, warming stomach, preventing malaria, and resolving phlegm. Many compounds have been identified, including volatile oils, polyphenols, flavonoids, diarylheptanoids, and bicyclic nonane. Diverse biological activities of Tsaoko Fructus have been demonstrated, such as gastrointestinal regulation, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, decreasing plasma glucose levels, and reducing lipid synthesis. Meanwhile, modern studies have shown that volatile oils and polyphenol components play a crucial role, and the gastrointestinal system is the central aspect that reflects the correlation between pharmacological and traditional effects. The present paper aims to review the chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of Tsaoko Fructus. In addition, based on the concept of Q-Marker, the Q-Markers of Tsaoko Fructus were predicted from genetic relationships, traditional efficacy, medicinal properties, compound compatibility environment, and component measurability. The result indicated that the possible Q-Markers could be regarded as the 1,8-cineole, neral, 2-decenal, geranial, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, etc. This review provides an exciting insight into the quality evaluation of Tsaoko Fructus.