2012年理塘县人间鼠疫疫情分析

目的通过对2012年四川理塘县人间鼠疫疫情综合处置分析,为今后有效预防和控制鼠疫疫情积累经验。方法依据《国家鼠疫控制应急预案》、《人间鼠疫疫区处理标准及原则（GB15978-1995）》、《鼠疫诊断标准（WS279-2008）》和《四川省鼠疫应急预案》,对鼠疫患者与接触者进行隔离管理,并对隔离区和现场进行相关卫生学处置,鼠疫细菌培养、鼠疫间接血凝试验（IHA）、鼠疫反向血凝试验（RIHA）和鼠疫胶体金免疫层析法（GICA）,按照卫生部行业标准-《鼠疫诊断标准（WS279-2008）》执行。结果细菌检测患者体材料15份、细菌阳性5份,确诊病例为腺型继发败血型鼠疫。自毙旱獭1份分离鼠疫菌1株;IHA检测接触者人体血清23份、结果阴性;RIHA检测病人体材料15份、阳性7份,滴度1∶80~40960不等;鼠疫胶体金免疫层析法（GICA）抗原检测病人体材料15份、阳性7份;旱獭检材1份RIHA和GICA抗原检测均阳性。结论鼠疫疫情发生后,根据鼠疫传播特点,因地制宜,控制传染源、切断传播途径、保护易感者等效防措施,防止了鼠疫疫情扩散;同时证实理塘县为喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地。

Epidemic Situation of Human Plague in Litang County in 2012

Objective To analyze the comprehensive disposal measures for epidemic situation of human plague in Litang county in 2012,in order to summarize experiences for effective prevention and control measures. Methods According to official standards,close contactors of those plagued were isolated and sanitarily disposed with methods of IHA,RIHA and GICA. Results Fifteen samples of human materials were detected in terms of bacteria and 5 of positive,the cases were diagnosed with glandular type secondary septicemic plague. A Marmota himalayana death was isolated with 1 strains of Y. pestis. Totally 23 samples of human serum were detected with 15 negative and 7 positive,with a titre of 1： 80-40960; Gold Immune-Chromatographic Assay（ GICA） antigen detection were applied in 15 samples of human materials and 7 samples were positive. One Marmota himalayana sample was antigen positive with methods of RIHA and GICA. Conclusion After the occurrence of the plague,Infection sources should be timely controlled with respect of transmission characteristics and the local condition; at the same time,the Marmota himalayana plague natural foci exists in Litang county, Sichuan province.