2012年四川省结核病流行病学调查结果分析

目的了解四川省结核病患病情况及流行特征，分析全省结核病流行变化趋势，为制定有针对性的策略措施提供科学依据。方法2012年采用分层整群随机抽样的方法在l~tJll省抽取9个调查点，平均每个点调查1200人。对所有15岁及以上调查对象作x线胸片检查，对所有胸部x线检查异常者和肺结核可疑症状者进行3次痰涂片检查。对发现的所有肺结核患者进行结核病相关情况问卷调查。结果共调查10894人，发现活动性肺结核患者56人，其中痰涂片抗酸杆菌阳性（涂阳）患者7人，活动性肺结核和涂阳肺结核患病率分别为514／10万和64／10万。活动性肺结核患病率在35岁以后随年龄的增长上升，75—79岁最高（969／10万）；山区患病率最高（973／10万），分别是平原（194／10万）和丘陵（520／10万）的5．02和1．87倍；农村人群患病率（674／10万）是城市人群（194／10万）的3．47倍；活动性肺结核患者和涂f【日患者中复治患者比例分别为35．71％和28．57％；无症状者占活动性患者的19。64％。结论~lJll省结核病疫情较为严重，农村地区和贫困山区疫情不容忽视；复治患者比例较高，暴露出治疗管理上存在问题。

Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Sichuan in 2012

Abstract Objective To analyze the epidemical features and variation tendency of tuberculosis （TB） in Sichuan in 2012 for scientifically formulating pertinent measures. Methods Nine survey spots were selected and 1 200 respondents at each spot were surveyed by stratified cluster random sampling. All the respondents over 15 were examined with Chest X -ray films. Sputum smears were conducted for three times among individuals with ab- normal chest X - ray films or with suspicious TB symptoms. All confirmed TB patients were surveyed with questionnaires. Results Altogether 10 894 individuals were tested and 56 patients were found as active TB pa- tients, including 7 smear- positive patients. The prevalence rate of active TB, smear- positive TB were 514/ 105 and 64/105, respectively. The prevalence rate of active TB increased with age of over 35 years and reached the summit at the ages of 75 -79. Prevalence rate in mountain regions was the highest （973/105） , which was respectively 5.02 and 1.87 times of plain （194/105） and hills （520/105）. The prevalence rate of rural regions （674/105） was 3.47 times of urban regions （194/105）. The retreated rate of patients with active TB and smear- positive patients was 35.71% and 28.57%, respectively. The asymptomatic patients accounted for 19.64% Conclusion The epidemic of the active patients. situation of TB is relatively severe in Sichuan, especially in rural and poor moun- tainous areas. The proportion of retreated patients is considerable, revealing the existence of administration problems.