食管造影及温度监测指导环肺静脉消融治疗心房颤动

目的心房-食管瘘是环肺静脉消融的少见并发症，但是伴有极高的病死率。最安全有效的预防心房．食管瘘发生的方法应当是避免消融食管左心房段。我们观察了采用食管造影检测食管和左心房的毗邻关系以及采用食管温度监测下消融左心房毗邻食管段对肺静脉隔离的作用。方法64例阵发性心房颤动（房颤）患者行环肺静脉消融术。行左心房和食管联合造影。在心房注射造影剂的同时，经食管吞人造影剂，观察食管走形和左心房后壁的关系。根据食管心房后壁段和肺静脉前庭的关系将食管走形分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型。经鼻送入食管温度计于食管左心房后壁相应部位。无食管走形重叠侧肺静脉，常规消融。分三步消融食管走形重叠侧肺静脉。并采用食管温度控制法消融，食管温度达到39℃即中断消融，待恢复正常后再行消融，直至达到肺静脉隔离。结果64例患者中Ⅰ型48例，Ⅱ型11例，Ⅲ型5例。在完成三步消融后，所有患者均完成肺静脉隔离。所有患者中仅有18．8％患者需在邻近食管左心房后壁处消融。结论多数阵发性房颤患者食管和心房后壁仅在一个肺静脉开口相邻，且多数患者可通过不消融食管相邻心房后壁而达到完全肺静脉隔离，可以大大减少消融时食管的损伤。

Pulmonary veins isolation in atrial fibrillation guided by esophagus imaging and real-time esophageal temperature monitoring

Objective Because of the severe consequences of an atrial esophageal fistula,it is vital to avoid this complication. The most safe way is to avoid ablating the segment of esophagus behind left atrium (LA). What we do is to image the relationship of esophagus to posterior LA wall and real-time esophageal tem-perature monitoring to ablate the posterior LA wall. Methods Sixty-four patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrilla-tion (PAF) were enrolled to pulmonary veins (PV) isolation. Swallowing a radiocontrast agent at the same time when imaging of LA to observe the relationship of esophagus to posterior LA wall and according to the different relationship between the segment of esophagus behind LA and PV, the esophagus were divided into type Ⅰ , type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ. A esophageal temperature probe was inserted and advanced into the esophagus directly posterior to the LA. Three steps ablation strategy and real-time esophageal temperature monitoring were applied to guide the PV isolation. The procedure was interrupted when the esophageal temperature was 39℃ until] the tempera-ture renormalized and ended when PV were isolated. Results There were 48 type ⅠI , 11 type Ⅱ and 5 type Ⅲ esophagus in the 64 patients. After three steps ablation,all PV isolations were completed. Only 18.8% of the patients needed to ablate the posterior LA close to the esophagus. Conclusion Only one PV ostiolum close to the posterior LA wall in most PAF patients and many of them can achieve complete PV isolation without ablating the posterior LA close to esophagus which could minimize the risk of esophageal injury dramatically.