11O例老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者多导睡眠监测及相关分析

目的 加深对老年患者阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apneahypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)特点的认识,提高老年OSAHS诊治水平.方法 对我院睡眠呼吸障碍与鼾症诊治中心诊断的110例老年OSAHS患者的整夜多导睡眠图(PSG)监测资料进行回顾性分析,应用SPSS 18.0统计软件对患者的一般情况、睡眠结构、呼吸暂停和低通气情况、氧减饱和情况以及各指标间可能的相关关系进行统计分析.结果老年OSAHS患者中位快动眼相(rapid eye movement,REM)和非快动眼相(NREM)睡眠时间分别占2.17%和76.73%;中位觉醒指数为45.60次/h.呼吸暂停最长时间为(51.94±22.06)s,中位呼吸暂停平均时间为22.50 s,低通气最长时间为(47.06±12.52)s,低通气平均时间为(21.50±4.63)s.中位呼吸紊乱指数(respiratory disturbance index,RD1)为21.50,RDI 5～20者占46.40%,20～40者占31.80%,＞40者占21.80%.夜间平均血氧饱和度为(93.45±2.81)%,夜间最低血氧饱和度为(76.30±10.50)%,中位氧减饱和指数为31.65次/h.体质指数(BMI)与夜间最低血氧饱和度(r=-0.378,P＜0.01)和夜间平均血氧饱和度(r=-0.355,P＜0.01)呈负相关,与氧减指数呈正相关(r=0.338,P＜0.01);夜间最低血氧饱和度与阻塞性呼吸暂停最长时间(r=-0.47,P＜0.01)、阻塞性呼吸暂停平均时间(r=-0.31 6,P＜0.01)、低通气最长时间(r=-0.293,P＜0.01)和低通气平均时间(r=-0.277,P＜0.01)呈负相关.仰卧位睡眠时中位氧减时间间隔为2.36 min,左侧卧位睡眠时中位氧减时间间隔为11.54 min,右侧卧位睡眠时中位氧减时间间隔为12.45 min,左侧卧位和右侧卧位睡眠时中位氧减时间间隔均长于仰卧位(Z值分别为-6.12和-7.10,均P＜0.01).结论 老年OSAHS患者存在明显的睡眠结构紊乱和睡眠片段化.依据RDI对患者的病情分级,大多数OSAHS患者为轻、中度,但缺氧程度较重,缺氧严重度与BMI和睡眠呼吸事件的持续时间相关,侧卧睡眠时缺氧程度减轻.

Monitoring results and correlation analysis of polysomnography in 110 cases of elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

Objective To improve the understanding of the characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in the elderly patients, and to improve the diagnosis and treatment level. Methods Monitoring results of polysomnography (PSG) from 110 elderly OSAHS patients were analyzed retrospectively. The general conditions, sleep architecture, apnea and hypopnea events, oxygen reduction as well as possible correlations between various indicators were analyzed using SPSS18.0 statistical software. Results The median rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep time of elderly patients with OSAHS accounted for 2. 17% and 76.73%,respectively. The median arousal index was 45.6 times/h. The longest time of sleep apnea was (51.94±22.06) s, the median of average sleep apnea time was 22.50 s, the longest time of hypopnea was (47.06±12.52) s and the average hypopnca time was (21.50±4.63) s. The median respiratory disturbance index (RDI) of all patients was 21.50, the patients with RDI between 5 and 20 accounted for 46.40%, with RDI between 20 and 40 accounted for 31.80% and with RDI over 40 accounted for 21.8%. The average oxygen saturation accounted for (93.45% ± 2.81%), the lowest oxygen saturation accounted for (76.3%± 10. 5%) and the median oxygen desaturation index was 31.6;times/h. BMI was negatively correlated with lowest oxygen saturation (r=-0. 378, P＜0.01) and average oxygen saturation ( r = - 0. 355, P ＜ 0. 01 ), while was positively correlated with oxygen desaturation index (r=0. 338, P＜0. 01 ). The lowest oxygen saturation was negatively correlated with the longest time of obstructive apnea (r= -0. 47, P＜0. 01 ), the average time of obstructive apnea (r=-0.316, P＜0.01), the longest time of hypopnea (r=-0.293, P＜0.01) and the average time of hypopnea (r=-0. 277, P＜0.01). The median time intervals of oxygen desaturation during supine, left side and right side position were 2.36 min, 11.54 min and 12.45 min,respectively. The median time intervals of oxygen desaturation during left side and right side position were both longer than that of supine position (Z= -6.12 and -7. 10 respectively, both P＜0.01).Conclusions Elderly patients with OSAHS manifest obvious disorder of sleep structural and sleep fragmentation. According to RDI, the majority of the patients are classified as mild to moderate in severity. However, elderly patients with OSAHS are severe regarding to hypoxia relatively. The severity of hypoxia is related with BMI and the lasting time of sleep-disordered breathing events, and hypoxia are less severe when sleeping on left side or on right side.