基于UPLC-ESI-HRMS~n评价不同干燥方式对粗茎秦艽中环烯醚萜类及黄酮类成分的影响

目的通过化学成分测定,评价远红外干燥、真空干燥、冷冻干燥、阴干、烘干、"发汗"干燥对粗茎秦艽品质的影响。方法采用UPLC-ESI-HRMS~n测定秦艽中4个环烯醚萜类成分(獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷、马钱苷酸、獐牙菜苷)和4个黄酮类成分(木犀草素、异牡荆素、芹菜素、山柰酚)质量分数。并结合单因素方差分析、聚类分析、逼近理想值排序法(TOPSIS)分析综合评价不同干燥方式所得样品的品质,确定最佳干燥方式。结果不同干燥方法样品的獐牙菜苦苷差异不显著,龙胆苦苷、马钱苷酸、獐牙菜苷、木犀草素、异牡荆素、芹菜素和山柰酚差异明显。其中,4个环烯醚萜类成分在冷冻干燥中保留最佳;4个黄酮类成分在"发汗"干燥中保留最佳。各成分在阴干样品中质量分数最低。聚类分析及TOPSIS分析表明"发汗"干燥具有与冷冻干燥相似的品质,且品质最好,其次是烘干干燥和远红外干燥,阴干干燥的样品品质最差。结论不同干燥方式对秦艽药材品质的影响值得关注。研究表明《中国药典》2015年版收载秦艽"发汗"的干燥方法具有科学性。但传统"发汗"过程时间较长,为了提高干燥效率,进一步研究方向应关注"发汗"干燥结合现代干燥技术如热风干燥、冷冻干燥、真空干燥以保证秦艽药材稳定品质的基础上缩短干燥时间。

Effects of different drying methods on iridoids and flavonoids in Gentiana crassicaulis based on UPLC-ESI-HRMSn

Objective The effects of far infrared, vacuum, freezing, hot air, dry in the shade and "sweating" drying methods on the quality of Gentiana crassicaulis were evaluated through chemical component content determination. Methods A UPLC-ESI-HRMSⁿ method was used to determine quality score of four iridoids (swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, loganic acid, and sweroside) and four flavonoids (luteolin, isovitexin, apigenin, and kaempferol) of G. crassicaulis. In order to determine the best drying method, the results were combined with analysis of variance, cluster analysis and TOPSIS analysis, which could comprehensively evaluate the G. crassicaulis obtained with different drying methods. Results The contents of swertiamarin in samples dried in different methods were similar. The contents of gentiopicroside, loganic acid, sweroside, luteolin, isovitexin, apigenin, and kaempferol in samples dried in different methods were obviously different. Among them, the four iridoids were best preserved in the freezing drying samples, and the four flavonoids were best preserved in the "sweating" drying samples. All compounds significantly degraded in the sample dried in the shade. Cluster analysis and TOPSIS analysis showed that the samples of "sweating" and freezing drying methods had a similar and high quality, follow by the samples of hot air and far infrared ray. The samples dried in the shade had the worst quality. Conclusion It was noteworthy that the effects of different drying methods on the quality of G. crassicaulis. This study showed that the "sweating" drying method as official method listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia was verified to be scientific. However, the traditional "sweating" method needed a long time for drying. In order to enhance the drying efficiency, further research should focus on the combination of "sweating" method and modern drying techniques, such as hot air, freeze, vacuum drying methods, which could shorten the drying time on the basis of the stable quality of G. crasicaulis herbs.