异种脱细胞真皮与异体巩膜作为HA义眼台包裹材料的实验研究

目的 观察异种脱细胞真皮（acellular xenogenic dermal matrix,X-ADM）和异体巩膜作为羟基磷灰石（hydroxy apatite,HA）义眼台包裹材料,用于实验兔眼的临床表现及病理组织学变化观察.方法 24只纯种新西兰兔,行一只眼的眼球摘除术后,随机平均分为实验组和对照组.于肌锥内分别置入由异种脱细胞真皮及异体巩膜包裹的HA义眼台.术后观察眼部表现,于1、2、4、6、8和12周,连同异种脱细胞真皮或异体巩膜取出义眼台,光镜下观察包裹材料与义眼台的组织病理学改变,包括炎症反应及血管化情况.取4、8和12周标本做透射电镜观察上述组织的超微结构改变.结果 与异体巩膜组相比,异种脱细胞真皮组在同期的成纤维细胞及新生血管的生长更活跃,而且长入较早,新生胶原形成丰富,几乎没有炎症细胞的浸润以及发生排斥反应.结论 异种脱细胞真皮血管化快,免疫原性低,是一种良好的巩膜替代物.

Experimental study of acellular xenogenic dermal matrix and allogeneic sclera as wrapping materials for hydroxy apatite implantation

ObjectiveTo observe the experimental results and histopathological changes of acellular xenogenic dermal matrix(X-ADM) and allogeneic sclera used as wrapping materials of hydroxy apatite (HA) ocular implants in New Zealand white rabbits. MethodsTwenty-four rabbits received unilateral eye enucleating and the sockets were implanted with HA spherical implants wrapped with either acellular xenogenic dermal matrix or allogeneic sclera at random. The rabbits were examined for inflammation and implant exposure and sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after implantation. The sockets with the grafts were exenterated and the specimens were assessed histopathologically and ultrastructually with light or transmission electron microscopy for the changes in inflammation reaction and vascularization. ResultsCompared to allogeneic sclera at the same stage of implantation, acellular xenogenic dermal matrix demonstrated more active and earlier growth of fibroblasts and new vessels with abundant collagen deposition. There were few inflammatory cells and no rejection was found. ConclusionThis experiment showed that the acellular xenogenic dermal matrix, with fast neovascularization and low immunity, can be an ideal material of ocular implant and a good substitute for allogeneic sclera.