The effect of verapamil on in vitro susceptibility of promastigote and amastigote stages of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leishmania tropica</Emphasis> to meglumine antimoniate |
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Authors: | Azar?Shokri Email author" target="_blank">Iraj?SharifiEmail author Ali?Khamesipour Nozar?Nakhaee Majid?Fasihi Harandi Jafar?Nosratabadi Maryam?Hakimi Parizi Mohammad?Barati |
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Institution: | (1) School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, 761-6666367 Bandarabbas, Iran;(2) Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169-14115 Kerman, Iran;(3) Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;(4) Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169-14115 Kerman, Iran; |
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Abstract: | Pentavalent antimonials are the standard treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) with low efficacy and resistance is emerging.
CL is increased significantly in respect to incidence rate and expanding to new foci. In the present study, the effect of
verapamil on in vitro susceptibility of promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania tropica to meglumine antimoniate (MA, Glucantime) was evaluated using colorimetric assay (MTT) and in a macrophage model, respectively.
Verapamil, as a calcium channel blocker, affects drug uptake by preventing of drug efflux from the cells. In promastigote
form, several concentrations of MA with or without verapamil showed significant decrease (P < 0.05) in optical density. The overall mean IC50 value with combination of MA plus verapamil (IC50 = 116.03 μg/ml) was significantly less than MA (IC50 = 225.14 μg/ml) alone
(P < 0.05) for promastigote stage. Similarly, the amastigote stage was more susceptible to treatment with MA plus verapamil
to that of MA alone (P < 0.05). Analysis of overall effect of different concentrations of MA alone, compared with combination of MA plus verapamil
by mean infection rate of amastigotes in each macrophage showed a significant difference (P < 0.05).These findings indicated some degree of synergistic effects between MA and verapamil on in vitro susceptibility of
L. tropica to MA. Further works are required to evaluate this synergistic effect on animal model or volunteer human subjects. |
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