软骨修复材料种类的比较

背景：软骨修复材料要求具有特定的生化、物理性质,如极强的生物相容性、合适的生物降解性、可控的孔径大小、足够的孔隙率等。目的：对比分析各种软骨修复材料的特点。方法：应用计算机检索万方数据库、CNKI数据库2001/2010与软骨修复材料相关的文章,检索关键词为＂软骨,修复,支架材料,组织工程,生物材料＂。结果与结论：软骨组织工程支架材料分为天然支架材料、复合支架材料、可注射支架材料、仿生支架材料等。但是各种材料具有各自的优势与不足,目前多采用复合支架材料或利用仿生原理制备仿生支架材料或是可注射型支架材料,以充分发挥材料的优势,克服不足,使其生物力学特性更加接近天然骨组织。尽管骨组织工程研究已经取得了相当快速的进展和成果,但仍有许多问题需要解决：支架的免疫原性即降解转归及对机体的影响;支架是否可与软骨下骨有效结合;支架材料的降解速度是否可与组织形成相匹配;支架的生物力学性能是否与软骨组织相同或接近等。

Comparison of cartilage repair materials

BACKGROUND：Cartilage repair material requires specific biochemical and physical properties,such as strong biocompatibility,appropriate biodegradability,controllable pore size,and sufficient porosity.OBJECTIVE：To compare and analyze the characteristics of various cartilage repair materials.METHODS：A computer-based retrieval of Wanfang and CNKI databases from 2001 to 2010 was performed for articles about the cartilage repair materials,by using key words of ＂cartilage,repair,scaffold,tissue engineering,biomaterials＂ in Chinese.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS：Cartilage tissue engineering scaffold materials include natural scaffolds,composite scaffolds,injectable scaffolds,biomimetic scaffolds and so on.But these materials have their advantages and disadvantages,the commonly used are composite scaffolds,biomimetic scaffolds prepared according to preparation biomimetic principles,or injectable scaffolds,in order to give full play to the advantage and overcome the shortcomings,thus biomechanical properties are closer to that of natural bone tissue.Although bone tissue engineering researches have made considerable progress and achievements,there are still many problems to be solved,such as the immunogenicity of the scaffolds that is the influence of degradation and turnover on the body;the possibility of effective integration between scaffolds and subchondral bone;whether the degradation rate of scaffold materials in line with tissue formation;the biomechanical properties of the scaffold are close to or similar with that of cartilage.