骨髓基质干细胞向肌细胞分化及移植的治疗作用

背景：骨髓基质干细胞属多能干细胞,在适当的条件下可转分化为各种肌肉细胞,在移植后可改善心脏或骨骼肌的整体功能。如何优化诱导分化方法,改善移植途径以及移植后改善组织功能的机制成为现今研究的热点。目的：就近年来骨髓基质干细胞诱导分化为肌细胞,以及其用作细胞移植治疗心肌梗死、肌肉萎缩等肌细胞坏死性疾病的研究进行综述。方法：应用计算机以bone marrow cell,muscle cell检索词,检索Pubmed数据库（2005/2010）;以＂骨髓基质干细胞、肌细胞＂为检索词,检索中国期刊网全文数据库（2007/2010）;以＂骨髓基质干细胞、肌细胞、分化、心脏＂为检索词,检索万方数据库（2007/2010）。共收集220篇关于外周血干细胞方面的文献,中文61篇,英文159篇,排除发表时间较早、重复及类似研究,纳入21篇符合标准的文献。结果与结论：骨髓基质干细胞可以在体外扩增,但其表面特异性标记尚无定论,因此要分离得到完全纯化的骨髓基质干细胞还有一定的困难,当前只有STRO-1抗原是较为肯定的间质干细胞表面抗原,可用于鉴定分离骨髓中的间质干细胞。大量研究表明,通过体外诱导剂或体内移植可促使骨髓基质干细胞转化成各种组织细胞,包括心肌细胞和骨骼肌细胞,并且在移植后可观察到肌组织功能得到明显改善,但其机制目前尚无充分了解。此外,尽管各种诱导方法诱导骨髓基质干细胞分化的结果是肯定的,以及体内移植也表现出改善坏死肌组织功能的潜能,但目前体外诱导程度仍然较低,且体内功能改善也有局限性,因此,如何改善诱导方法,提高移植效率及功能改善有待进一步研究。

Therapeutic effect of bone marrow stromal stem cells differentiating into myocytes and its transplantation applications

BACKGROUND：Bone marrow stromal stem cells（BMSCs） are stem cells with the capacity of differentiating into all kinds of myocytes under suitable condition in vitro,and can improve the allomeric function of cardiac or skeletal muscle after transplantation.How to optimize induction and differentiation method to improve transplantation path and the mechanism of tissue function after transplantation has been a hot research spot.OBJECTIVE：To review researches on inducing BMSCs to differentiate into myocytes and transplanting it to treat myocytes necrotic desease including myocardial infarction and muscular atrophy during recent years.METHODS：Taking ＂bone marrow cell,muscle cell＂ in English as search terms,Pubmed database from 2005 to 2010 was retrieved;Taking ＂bone marrow stromal stem cells,myocytes＂ in Chinese as search terms,CNKI database from 2007 to 2010 was retrieved;Taking ＂bone marrow stromal stem cells,myocytes,differentiation,cardiac＂ in Chinese as search terms,Wanfang database from 2007 to 2010 was retrieved.A total of 220 literatures addressing peripheral blood stem cells were collected,including 61 Chinese articles and 159 English articles.Published early,repetitive,and similar researches were excluded.Totally 21 articles were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：BMSCs can be proliferated in vitro,but its specific surface markers have not been identified definitely.So it remains difficulties to obtain fully purified BMSCs.At present,only STRO-1 is one of stromal stem cells＇ specific surface antigens,and can be used in identifying and isolating the stromal stem cells in bone marrow.Many studies show that BMSCs can be induced to differentiate into all kinds of tissue cells,including cadiocytes and skeletal muscle cells,through revulsive in vitro and transplantation in vivo.Meanwhile,the improvement of muscular tissue function can be observed after transplantation,but its mechanism remains uncertain.In addition,although the results of differentiation of BMSCs with a variety of induction methods is positive,and transplantation in vivo also shows the potential of necrotic muscle tissue function is improved,the level of induction in vitro is still low,and the function improvement after transplantation in vivo is also limited.Therefore,It is necessary to do further researches on how to improve induction methods to enhance transplantation efficiency and the function improvement.