血液透析患者肝炎病毒医院感染原因及预防

目的研究血液透析（HD）患者肝炎病毒感染的危险因素，探讨其预防措施。方法将170例透析前无肝炎病史的患者随机分为实验组和对照组，实验组使用一次性管道透析器及分机透析，对照组使用重复透析器及共用透析机进行治疗，并调查透析次数与感染肝炎病毒的关系。结果实验组乙、丙肝感染率为13．8％，对照组感染率为61．9％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），且随着透析次数的增加，感染率也明显上升。结论重复使用透析器、共用透析机及透析次数多等是透析患者感染病毒性肝炎的重要因素，严格消毒隔离措施，使用一次性透析器、分区隔离及专机透析等是降低HD患者肝炎病毒感染率的有效措施。

Cause and Prevention of Nosocomial Infection of Hepatitis Virus in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis

Objective To investigate the risk factors of hepatitis virus infection in hemodialysis patients,and to study the preventive measures against hepatitis virus infection.Methods Totally 170 patients were divided into two groups before hemodialysis.The experimental group used disposable dialyzers pipeline and independent dialyzers,and the control group was cured by repeated-use dialyzer and shared dialysis machine.The relationship between the times of hemodialysis and hepatitis virus infection was studied.Results The infection rate of HBV and HCV was 13.8%in the experimental group,and 61.9% in the control group,there were significant differences between them(P<0.01).With the increasing times of hemodialysis,the rate of infection also went up.Conclusions Repeated use of the dialyzer,share of dialysis machine,and increasing use of hemodialysis are the important factors that patients are infected by hepatitis virus.Strict disinfection and isolation measures,use of disposable analyzer pipeline and independent dialyzer are the effective measures for preventing infection of hepatitis viruses in hemodialysis patients.