广西环江毛南族自治县农村老年高血压患者特殊摄盐习惯与血压控制相关性研究

目的：探讨广西环江县农村地区老年高血压患者特殊摄盐习惯与血压控制的相关性。方法以广西环江县农村地区老年高血压患者为抽样群,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取该县3个乡镇,共11个村的老年高血压患者354名,通过Morisky服药依从性量表筛选出高血压服药依从性佳者( n=42)作为研究对象,采用问卷方式调查特殊摄盐习惯,并测量血压。结果高血压服药依从性佳者血压控制不理想的人数为27人,占64.3%。其中,有食用“酱料碟”(酱料碟添加有食盐、酱油、味精及特色香料等)的特殊摄盐习惯者22人,占52.4%。“每天”、“经常”、“偶尔”食用比例分别占23.8%、19.0%、9.6%。“早餐”、“午餐”、“晚餐”食用比例分别占9.6%、14.3%、50.0%。食用频率与血压控制呈负相关(r=-0.672,P<0.05)。“晚餐”食用与血压控制呈负相关(r=-0.646,P<0.05)结论食用“酱料碟”的特殊摄盐习惯不利于服药依从性佳者的血压控制,提示护理人员在重视提高患者服药依从性的同时,更应结合各地区特殊摄盐习惯进行健康教育,从而提高血压控制率。

Correlation study between the special salt intake customs and blood pressure control among elderly hypertensive individuals in rural areas of Huanjiang Maonan Autono-mous County,Guangxi

Objective To investigate the correlation between the special habit of salt intake and blood pressure control among elderly hypertensive individuals. Methods A multistage, stratified sampling method was used to obtain a representative sample of hypertensive individuals in rural areas of Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County, Guangxi. We randomly selected the county 3 towns, 11 villages, a total of 354 elderly hypertensive individuals, screened by Morisky Medication Compliance Scale. 42 individuals with good compliance were identified as the research object, investigated by the questionnaire of Special Salt Intake Customs, and monitored blood pressure. Results Although medication compli-ance was good, twenty-seven ( 64. 3%) individuals were non-ideal blood pressure. Twenty-two ( 52. 4%) individuals acquired the special "Sauce Dish" ( Sauce Dish contains salt, soy sauce, monosodium glutamate, characteristics of spices, et al) dietary customs. The proportion of "Every day", "Regular", "Occasionally" consumption respectively were 23. 8%, 19. 0% and 9. 6%. The proportion of "Breakfast", "Lunch", "Dinner" consumption respectively were 9. 6%, 14. 3% and 50. 0%. The frequency of consumption and blood pressure control was negatively correlated ( r=-0. 672 , P<0. 05 ) . "Dinner" consumption and blood pressure control was negatively correlated ( r=-0. 646 , P<0. 05 ) . Conclusions The special salt intake customs is negative for blood pressure control. It is suggested to carry out health education combined with special dietary customs while improving medication compliance, so as to improve blood pressure control.